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Wading Out the Storm: The Role of Poverty in Exposure, Vulnerability and Resilience to Floods in Dar Es Salaam

Author

Listed:
  • Erman,Alvina Elisabeth
  • Tariverdi,Mersedeh
  • Obolensky,Marguerite Anne Beatrice
  • Chen,Xiaomeng
  • Vincent,Rose Camille
  • Malgioglio,Silvia
  • Maruyama Rentschler,Jun Erik
  • Hallegatte,Stephane
  • Yoshida,Nobuo

Abstract

Dar es Salaam is frequently affected by severe flooding causing destruction and impeding daily life of its 4.5 million inhabitants. The focus of this paper is on the role of poverty in the impact of floods on households, focusing on both direct (damage to or loss of assets or property) and indirect (losses involving health, infrastructure, labor, and education) impacts using household survey data. Poorer households are more likely to be affected by floods; directly affected households are more likely female-headed and have more insecure tenure arrangements; and indirectly affected households tend to have access to poorer quality infrastructure. Focusing on the floods of April 2018, affected households suffered losses of 23 percent of annual income on average. Surprisingly, poorer households are not over-represented among the households that lost the most - even in relation to their income, possibly because 77 percent of total losses were due to asset losses, with richer households having more valuable assets. Although indirect losses were relatively small, they had significant well-being effects for the affected households. It is estimated that households? losses due to the April 2018 flood reached more than US$100 million, representing between 2-4 percent of the gross domestic product of Dar es Salaam. Furthermore, poorer households were less likely to recover from flood exposure. The report finds that access to finance play an important role in recovery for households.

Suggested Citation

  • Erman,Alvina Elisabeth & Tariverdi,Mersedeh & Obolensky,Marguerite Anne Beatrice & Chen,Xiaomeng & Vincent,Rose Camille & Malgioglio,Silvia & Maruyama Rentschler,Jun Erik & Hallegatte,Stephane & Yoshi, 2019. "Wading Out the Storm: The Role of Poverty in Exposure, Vulnerability and Resilience to Floods in Dar Es Salaam," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8976, The World Bank.
  • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:8976
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    Cited by:

    1. Vito Frontuto & Silvana Dalmazzone & Francesco Salcuni & Alessandro Pezzoli, 2020. "Risk Aversion, Inequality and Economic Evaluation of Flood Damages: A Case Study in Ecuador," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Panman, Alexandra & Madison, Ian & Kimacha, Nyambiri Nanai & Falisse, Jean Benoît, 2021. "Saving up for a rainy day? Savings groups and resilience to flooding in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 114610, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    3. Jun Rentschler & Melda Salhab & Bramka Arga Jafino, 2022. "Flood exposure and poverty in 188 countries," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    4. Maruyama Rentschler,Jun Erik & Kim,Ella Jisun & Thies,Stephan Fabian & De Vries Robbe,Sophie Anne & Erman,Alvina Elisabeth & Hallegatte,Stephane, 2021. "Floods and Their Impacts on Firms : Evidence from Tanzania," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9774, The World Bank.
    5. Panman,Alexandra Patricia & Lozano Gracia,Nancy, 2021. "Making Room for Renters : Understanding and Supporting Rental Markets in the Global South — Evidence from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9579, The World Bank.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Natural Disasters; Inequality; Hydrology; Climate Change and Agriculture; Water and Food Supply;
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