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Efectos potenciales de los certificados ambientales sobre la cobertura forestal de los cafetales en México

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Listed:
  • Javier Alejandro López Aguilar

    (Division of Economics, CIDE)

Abstract

En este trabajo se simula el efecto potencial de los certificados de café orgánico y café de sombra, como instrumentos para conservar la cobertura forestal de los cafetales mexicanos. Las plantaciones tradicionales de café en México están caracterizadas por emplear una cobertura de árboles nativos de los bosques y selvas, por lo que son asociadas con la provisión de algunos servicios ambientales de estos ecosistemas, especialmente el de hábitat para la biodiversidad. Sin embargo, la búsqueda de mayores beneficios económicos incentiva a los productores a adoptar métodos de cultivo más intensivos, que generan contaminación y empobrecen la cobertura forestal de sus parcelas. Ante esta situación las iniciativas de certificación ambiental de café buscan revertir esta tendencia, mediante la creación de mercados especializados en los que se paga un mayor precio a los cafeticultores que recurren a métodos productivos más sustentables. Para el análisis, se especifica un modelo dinámico de maximización de beneficios en el que un productor representativo elige entre distintas tecnologías, incluyendo una alternativa ambientalmente sustentable (certificada). Cada tecnología es caracterizada por una función de producción en la que la cobertura forestal afecta de manera distinta la productividad total de los factores. Así, simulando el estado actual de los cafetales mexicanos, es posible identificar la mejor opción tecnológica para cada uno de ellos y conocer el nivel de cobertura forestal que resulta de su uso. El efecto potencial de los certificados se obtiene de comparar estos resultados con los de un escenario hipotético en el que no existe la tecnología certificada. Finalmente, se simulan escenarios en los que se incluyen instrumentos de política como complemento de la certificación ambiental.

Suggested Citation

  • Javier Alejandro López Aguilar, 2016. "Efectos potenciales de los certificados ambientales sobre la cobertura forestal de los cafetales en México," Graduate theses (Spanish) TESG 012, CIDE, División de Economía.
  • Handle: RePEc:emc:thgrad:tesg012
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    File URL: http://www.economiamexicana.cide.edu/RePEc/emc/pdf/pdf/thgrad/TESG012.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    café orgánico; café de sombra; certificados ambientales; sistemas agroforestales; programación dinámica; economía computacional;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C61 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
    • C63 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computational Techniques
    • Q12 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
    • Q23 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Forestry
    • Q57 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Ecological Economics

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