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Filar kapitałowy w polskim systemie emerytalnym. Od OFE do PPK

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  • Barbara Błaszczyk

Abstract

Wdrażany od lipca 2019 Program Pracowniczych Planów Kapitałowych (PPK), obowiązkowy dla pracodawców, ma być powszechny i masowy, a jego wprowadzenie jest powiązane z ostateczną likwidacją drugiego filaru emerytalnego (OFE). Celem artykułu jest przeanalizowanie rozwiązań systemowych zastosowanych w programie PPK, w związku z koncepcją równoczesnej przebudowy systemu zabezpieczenia emerytalnego, przedstawienie argumentów przemawiających za i przeciw tym przedsięwzięciom z punktu widzenia różnych aktorów i próba dokonania oceny, jakie szanse powodzenia mają wprowadzane obecnie zmiany. Koncentrując się przede wszystkim na kapitałowym fragmencie systemu zabezpieczenia emerytalnego artykuł przedstawia też szersze tło, jakim były głębokie reformy całego systemu emerytalnego w 1999 r. i późniejsze wycofywanie się z części tych reform. Artykuł oparty jest na szczegółowym badaniu rozwiązań prawnych, analizie literatury przedmiotu oraz raportów instytucji nadzorujących fundusze emerytalne.Wyniki analizy wskazują na brak spójności w niektórych rozwiązaniach reformy z 1999 r. oraz na niekonsekwencje w jej realizacji, co doprowadziło do wycofywania się z kapitałowej części systemu.Wnioski z przedstawionej analizy pokazują, że dodatkowe oszczędzanie na starość w obecnej sytuacji demograficznej jest wskazane i niezbędne zarówno z przyczyn ekonomicznych, jak społecznych. Jednak zaprojektowane przez rząd rozwiązania systemowe są podporządkowane głównie bieżącym interesom państwa i nie stwarzają naszym zdaniem potencjalnym uczestnikom programu dostatecznych zachęt do uczestniczenia w nim.

Suggested Citation

  • Barbara Błaszczyk, 2020. "Filar kapitałowy w polskim systemie emerytalnym. Od OFE do PPK," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 1, pages 9-54.
  • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2020:i:1:p:9-54
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nicholas Barr & Peter Diamond, 2009. "Reforming pensions: Principles, analytical errors and policy directions," International Social Security Review, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 62(2), pages 5-29, April.
    2. Marek Góra, 2018. "Thinking about pension systems for the 21st century: A few remarks based on the Polish example," mBank - CASE Seminar Proceedings 0154, CASE-Center for Social and Economic Research.
    3. Chlon, Agnieszka & Gora, Marek & Rutkowski, Michal, 1999. "Shaping pension reform in Poland : security through diversity," Social Protection Discussion Papers and Notes 20852, The World Bank.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    system emerytalny; regulacje emerytur powszechnych; prywatne plany emerytalne; pracownicze plany emerytalne; program PPK;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G41 - Financial Economics - - Behavioral Finance - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making in Financial Markets
    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • J32 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Retirement Plans; Private Pensions

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