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« Suivre des règles » dans les organisations

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  • Bénédicte Reynaud

Abstract

[eng] This article investigates how rules function. It draws on observations made between 1993 and 2000 in a workshop of the Paris Metro where a new pay rule had been introduced. It is shown, first, that, since rules are in themselves incomplete, a single rule should never be considered in isolation but rather as part of a set of rules. Each rule needs to be interpreted in the light not only of the information contained in other rules but also of custom and practice and context. Part 1 then examines how individuals in the workshop follow work rules. Observation of operatives at work shows that they translate these necessarily abstract rules into concrete reference points, interpretation of which gradually crystallizes and gives rise to repetitive working practices, that is the establishment of routines. These routines emerge as one of the ways - but by no means the only one - in which rules are followed. Part 2 seeks to shed light on the relationship between this notion of routine, grounded in observations, and that adopted in evolutionary theory. This leads, in Part 3, to the outline of a concept of the relationships between rules and routines, that is of the role of routines in managing the incompleteness of rules. Routines emerge as a means of stabilizing the interpretation of rules. [fre] Cet article s'appuie sur des observations faites entre 1993 et 2000 dans un Atelier de la RATP où une règle salariale a été instaurée, pour étudier les modes d'action des règles. Nous montrons d'abord qu'il ne faut jamais considérer une règle isolée, mais un ensemble de règles parce qu'elles sont incomplètes : chacune d'elles a besoin d'être interprétée en fonction de données contenues dans d'autres règles, mais aussi des usages et du contexte. Ensuite, nous étudions dans cet Atelier comment des individus suivent des règles de travail. C'est l'objet de la première partie. En observant les opérateurs travailler, nous percevons qu'ils traduisent ces règles, nécessairement abstraites, en des repères concrets dont l'interprétation se stabilise progressivement et conduit à une répétition des manières de travailler, désignées par le terme de routines. Ces dernières apparaissent comme l'une des façons - mais en aucun cas la seule - de suivre des règles. La seconde partie est consacrée à un éclaircissement du rapport entre la notion de routine à laquelle nous aboutissons et celle de la théorie évolutionniste. Ceci nous permet, dans la dernière partie, de présenter notre conception des rapports entre les règles et les routines, c'est-à-dire du rôle de ces dernières dans la gestion de l'incomplétude des règles : les routines apparaissent comme une stabilisation de l'interprétation des règles.

Suggested Citation

  • Bénédicte Reynaud, 2001. "« Suivre des règles » dans les organisations," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 97(1), pages 53-68.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_2001_num_97_1_1799
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.2001.1799
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.2001.1799
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    File URL: https://doi.org/10.3406/rei.2001.1799
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Damien Talbot, 2005. "Les proximités, entre contrainte et libération de l’action : le cas d’EADS," Post-Print hal-02375016, HAL.
    2. Damien Talbot, 2008. "EADS, une transition inachevée.. Une lecture par les catégories de la proximité," Géographie, économie, société, Lavoisier, vol. 10(2), pages 243-261.
    3. Med Kechidi & Damien Talbot, 2010. "Institutions and coordination: what is the contribution of a proximity-based analysis? The case of Airbus and its relations with the subcontracting network," Post-Print hal-02354283, HAL.
    4. Nathalie Moureau & Dorothée Rivaud Danset, 2004. "L'incertitude dans les théories économiques," Post-Print hal-03995208, HAL.
    5. Damien TALBOT, 2011. "Institutions, organizations and space: forms of proximity (In French)," Cahiers du GREThA (2007-2019) 2011-06, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA).
    6. Damien TALBOT (E3i, IFReDE-GRES), 2005. "Organisational proximity: an institutionalist point of view. The case of EADS (In French)," Cahiers du GRES (2002-2009) 2005-22, Groupement de Recherches Economiques et Sociales.
    7. Bernard JULLIEN, 2009. "Institutional approaches of industrial dynamics (In French)," Cahiers du GREThA (2007-2019) 2009-17, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA).
    8. Damien Talbot, 2008. "Les institutions créatrices de proximités. Institutions as creators of proximities," Revue d'économie régionale et urbaine, Armand Colin, vol. 0(3), pages 289-310.
    9. Damien Talbot, 2008. "Les institutions créatrices de proximités," Post-Print hal-02364234, HAL.
    10. Mickaël David & Frantz Rowe, 2015. "Enterprise Systems Contribution to Organizational Routines Evolution Potential [Le rôle des systèmes d’information d’entreprise dans l’évolutivité des routines organisationnelles]," Post-Print hal-01559512, HAL.

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