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Funding regulations and risk sharing

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  • Colin Pugh
  • Juan Yermo

Abstract

This paper provides a description of the risk sharing features of pension plan design in selected OECD and non-OECD countries and how they correspond with the funding rules applied to pension funds. In addition to leading to a better understanding of differences in funding rules across countries with developed pension fund systems, the study considers the trend towards risk-based regulation. While the document does not enter the debate over the application of riskbased quantitative funding requirements to pension funds (as under Basel II or Solvency II), it identifies the risk factors that should be evaluated and considered in a comprehensive risk-based regulatory approach, whether prescriptive or principles-based. The three main risk factors identified are the nature of risks and the guarantees offered under different plans designs, the extent to which benefits are conditional and can be adjusted, and the extent to which contributions may be raised to cover any funding gap. In addition, the strength of the guarantee or covenant from the sponsoring employer(s) and of insolvency guarantee arrangements should be carefully assessed when designing funding requirements.

Suggested Citation

  • Colin Pugh & Juan Yermo, 2008. "Funding regulations and risk sharing," OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends, OECD Publishing, vol. 2008(1), pages 163-196.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:dafkad:5kzllbzzwvzs
    DOI: 10.1787/fmt-v2008-art7-en
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ian Tower & Gregorio Impavido, 2009. "How the Financial Crisis Affects Pensions and Insurance and Why the Impacts Matter," IMF Working Papers 2009/151, International Monetary Fund.
    2. Chen, An & Nguyen, Thai & Stadje, Mitja, 2018. "Optimal investment under VaR-Regulation and Minimum Insurance," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 194-209.
    3. Ivanka Daneva, 2009. "Investment Risk Management in Private Pension Systems," Economic Thought journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 2, pages 19-34.
    4. Catherine Donnelly, 2017. "A Discussion of a Risk-Sharing Pension Plan," Risks, MDPI, vol. 5(1), pages 1-20, February.
    5. Ponds, E.H.M. & Severinson, C. & Yermo, J., 2012. "Implicit debt in public sector plans : An international comparison," Other publications TiSEM 8263bb65-8b50-4890-9252-0, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    6. Zhun Peng, 2015. "Sensitivity of Pension Fund's Balance Sheet: a non-linear risk factor approach," Documents de recherche 15-06, Centre d'Études des Politiques Économiques (EPEE), Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne.
    7. Bruno Bonizzi & Annina Kaltenbrunner, 2019. "Liability-driven investment and pension fund exposure to emerging markets: A Minskyan analysis," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 51(2), pages 420-439, March.
    8. Zhao, Hui & Wang, Suxin, 2022. "Optimal investment and benefit adjustment problem for a target benefit pension plan with Cobb-Douglas utility and Epstein-Zin recursive utility," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 301(3), pages 1166-1180.
    9. Broeders, Dirk & Chen, An, 2010. "Pension regulation and the market value of pension liabilities: A contingent claims analysis using Parisian options," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 1201-1214, June.
    10. Wang, Suxin & Lu, Yi, 2019. "Optimal investment strategies and risk-sharing arrangements for a hybrid pension plan," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 46-62.
    11. He, Lin & Liang, Zongxia & Wang, Sheng, 2022. "Dynamic optimal adjustment policies of hybrid pension plans," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 46-68.

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