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Restraining car traffic in European cities: An emerging role for road pricing

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  • Jones, Peter
  • Hervik, Arild

Abstract

Urban traffic problems are now a key political issue in most European countries; in terms of congestion, road safety, and the environment. The response to date in many cities has been to rely on parking controls, better traffic management, and congestion itself to contain traffic, but increasingly there is a recognition that in the larger cities some form of direct restraint on traffic levels will become necessary as car ownership continues to rise. The paper first assesses a number of nonpricing restraint measures, including restrictions on traffic speed and network capacity, and regulatory controls on access. It then considers what role road pricing might play. Here three objectives are identified, and a number of key factors affecting implementation are discussed, including technology, privacy, equity, and the allocation of revenues. One aspect where there is little empirical evidence concerns likely response of drivers to road charges, and the size of the elasticities. Drawing on experience from a number of toll schemes in Norway, some new evidence on driver response is presented. This paper concludes by summarizing current developments regarding road pricing in different European countries, and assesses the potential of the measure as a demand management tool in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Jones, Peter & Hervik, Arild, 1992. "Restraining car traffic in European cities: An emerging role for road pricing," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 133-145, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:transa:v:26:y:1992:i:2:p:133-145
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    Cited by:

    1. Daniel Shefer & Piet Rietveld, 1997. "Congestion and Safety on Highways: Towards an Analytical Model," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 34(4), pages 679-692, April.
    2. Mahyar Amirgholy & Hojjat Rezaeestakhruie & Hossain Poorzahedy, 2015. "Multi-objective cordon price design to control long run adverse traffic effects in large urban areas," Netnomics, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 1-52, August.
    3. Beheshtian, Arash & Richard Geddes, R. & Rouhani, Omid M. & Kockelman, Kara M. & Ockenfels, Axel & Cramton, Peter & Do, Wooseok, 2020. "Bringing the efficiency of electricity market mechanisms to multimodal mobility across congested transportation systems," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 58-69.
    4. Vonk Noordegraaf, Diana & Annema, Jan Anne & van Wee, Bert, 2014. "Policy implementation lessons from six road pricing cases," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 172-191.
    5. Saens, Rodrigo & Lobos, Germán, 2013. "Elasticidad precio de la demanda por autopistas interurbanas en Chile," Revista Lecturas de Economía, Universidad de Antioquia, CIE, issue 79, pages 143-170, May.
    6. Li, Zheng & Hensher, David A., 2012. "Congestion charging and car use: A review of stated preference and opinion studies and market monitoring evidence," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 47-61.
    7. Anna Matas & José-Luis Raymond, 2002. "The demand elasticity on tolled motorways," Working Papers wp0203, Department of Applied Economics at Universitat Autonoma of Barcelona.
    8. Odeck, James & Bråthen, Svein, 2008. "Travel demand elasticities and users attitudes: A case study of Norwegian toll projects," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 77-94, January.
    9. Bråthen, Svein & Hervik, Arild, 1997. "Strait crossings and economic development : Developing economic impact assessment by means of ex post analyses," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 4(4), pages 193-200, October.
    10. P Hall, 1994. "Squaring the Circle: Can We Resolve the Clarkian Paradox?," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 21(7), pages 79-94, December.
    11. John W Helsel & Venktesh Pandey & Stephen D. Boyles, 2020. "Time-Equitable Dynamic Tolling Scheme For Single Bottlenecks," Papers 2007.07091, arXiv.org.
    12. Batsirai Brian Matanhire, 2019. "Cost Benefit Analysis of a Regional Arterial PPP Toll Road Project: A Case Study of the Proposed R-1 Toll Road," Development Discussion Papers 2019-06, JDI Executive Programs.
    13. Olszewski, Piotr & Xie, Litian, 2005. "Modelling the effects of road pricing on traffic in Singapore," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 39(7-9), pages 755-772.
    14. Daniel Albalate & Germà Bel, 2011. "Privatization and PPPS in transportation infrastructure: Network effects of increasing user fees," IREA Working Papers 201110, University of Barcelona, Research Institute of Applied Economics, revised Jun 2011.
    15. Edoardo Croci & Aldo Ravazzi Douvan, 2016. "Urban Road Pricing: A Comparative Study on the Experiences of London, Stockholm and Milan," IEFE Working Papers 85, IEFE, Center for Research on Energy and Environmental Economics and Policy, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
    16. Wentworth, Maurice A. & Beresford, Anthony K. C., 1998. "Major U.K. tolled road crossings reviewed," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 5(1), pages 51-59, January.
    17. Snarr, Hal W. & Axelsen, Dan, 2007. "Accounting for peak shifting in traditional cost-benefit analysis," MPRA Paper 37060, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Juan Gomez & José Manuel Vassallo & Israel Herraiz, 2016. "Explaining light vehicle demand evolution in interurban toll roads: a dynamic panel data analysis in Spain," Transportation, Springer, vol. 43(4), pages 677-703, July.
    19. Anthony T. H. Chin, 2000. "Sustainable urban transportation: abatement and control of traffic congestion and vehicular emissions from land transportation in Singapore," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Springer;Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - SEEPS, vol. 3(4), pages 355-380, December.
    20. M. Rouhani, Omid, 2014. "Road pricing: An overview," MPRA Paper 59662, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    21. Omid M. Rouhani, 2016. "Next Generations of Road Pricing: Social Welfare Enhancing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-15, March.
    22. Langmyhr, Tore, 1997. "Managing equity : The case of road pricing," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 4(1), pages 25-39, January.
    23. Xie, Litian & Olszewski, Piotr, 2011. "Modelling the effects of road pricing on traffic using ERP traffic data," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 45(6), pages 512-522, July.

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