Exploring the ingredients, mixtures, and inclinations of geopolitical risk

In the dynamic world environment, geopolitical risk (GPR) has emerged as a critical driver of volatility, ambiguity in returns, and business performance uncertainty across financial markets. To enhance decision-making under uncertainty, this study analytically reviews 983 publications on GPR between 1982and 2022 to reveal basic themes (ingredients), compositions (mixtures), and future research avenues (inclinations). Over the last decade, increasing geopolitical contagion and spillovers have intrigued researchers in this field. The co-occurrence and co-authorship networks demonstrate word clusters and collaboration groups. Furthermore, topic modelling identifies five underlying issues that connote the prospects of subsequent research efforts. Rising energy demand surpassing limited resources is the primary channel through which GPR disrupts commodity fundamentals, environment, security, and financial stability. Our study helps businesses and governments address these consequences more competently.