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Burned agricultural biomass, air pollution and crime

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  • Ayesh, Abubakr

Abstract

Agricultural fires account for half as much burned biomass as forest fires. Like other forms of environmental degradation, burned biomass incurs social costs for society through its contribution to air pollution. One such potential cost is the increase in crime. Exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in air pollution due to increased rice stubble burning in Pakistan, I provide evidence on the causal relationship between air pollution and crime. Air pollution increases all crimes, but the increase in violent crimes is particularly salient. I provide evidence that a reduction in earnings for middle-aged and older male individuals is an important potential mechanism. I also discuss the potential psychological mechanisms involved. The social costs of burned agricultural biomass are much wider and have significant implications for developing economies that rely on agriculture.

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  • Ayesh, Abubakr, 2023. "Burned agricultural biomass, air pollution and crime," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jeeman:v:122:y:2023:i:c:s0095069623001055
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2023.102887
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Air pollution; Stubble burning; Violence; Crime; Environment and development; Burned biomass; Wind; Smog;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
    • Q52 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
    • Q01 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - General - - - Sustainable Development
    • Q15 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment

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