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Sense of community among young adults before and after moving into Permanent Supportive Housing: A mixed-methods longitudinal analysis

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  • Littman, Danielle Maude
  • Resing, Keely
  • Milligan, Tara
  • Williams, Omotola
  • Bender, Kimberly

Abstract

Amidst chronic stressors and ongoing instability, many young people who have experienced homelessness and housing instability find communities and settings which offer support and care. Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH) is one setting which aims to provide stability and community to those who have experienced homelessness, but it has not been widely studied with young adults (ages 18–25 upon moving into PSH). This paper employs a longitudinal convergent mixed methods approach – with quantitative and qualitative survey data over 1.5 years – to explore how young adult residents (N = 27 at T1; N = 20 at T2, N = 13 at T3) experience sense of community before and after moving into PSH. Using McMillan and Chavis’ (1986) four-part Psychological Sense of Community (PSOC) framework to frame data collection and analysis, we find that residents’ sense of community is shaped by an ongoing negotiation of personal and collective needs. Building community takes time and requires opportunities for voices to be heard (and shape change), along with ongoing personal growth – especially related to substance use recovery. Our findings offer insights for future PSH settings for young people – as well as other residential and community settings which aim to support young people. We suggest the need for future research which explores the tension of policy decision making, about substance use for example, in low-barrier support services like PSH.

Suggested Citation

  • Littman, Danielle Maude & Resing, Keely & Milligan, Tara & Williams, Omotola & Bender, Kimberly, 2024. "Sense of community among young adults before and after moving into Permanent Supportive Housing: A mixed-methods longitudinal analysis," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:157:y:2024:i:c:s0190740923006096
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107413
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maccio, Elaine M. & Ferguson, Kristin M., 2016. "Services to LGBTQ runaway and homeless youth: Gaps and recommendations," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 47-57.
    2. Opara, Ijeoma & Lardier, David T. & Garcia-Reid, Pauline & Reid, Robert J., 2021. "Testing the factor structure of the brief sense of community scale among black girls and the relationship with ethnic identity, empowerment and social support," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    3. Henwood, Benjamin F. & Redline, Brian & Rice, Eric, 2018. "What do homeless transition-age youth want from housing interventions?," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 1-5.
    4. Semborski, Sara & Redline, Brian & Madden, Danielle & Granger, Theresa & Henwood, Benjamin, 2021. "Housing interventions for emerging adults experiencing homelessness: A scoping review," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
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