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Tonuity: A Novel Individual-Oriented Retirement Plan

Author

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  • Chen, An
  • Hieber, Peter
  • Klein, Jakob K.

Abstract

For insurance companies in Europe, the introduction of Solvency II leads to a tightening of rules for solvency capital provision. In life insurance, this especially affects retirement products that contain a significant portion of longevity risk (e.g., conventional annuities). Insurance companies might react by price increases for those products, and, at the same time, might think of alternatives that shift longevity risk (at least partially) to policyholders. In the extreme case, this leads to so-called tontine products where the insurance company’s role is merely administrative and longevity risk is shared within a pool of policyholders. From the policyholder’s viewpoint, such products are, however, not desirable as they lead to a high uncertainty of retirement income at old ages. In this article, we alternatively suggest a so-called tonuity that combines the appealing features of tontine and conventional annuity. Until some fixed age (the switching time), a tonuity’s payoff is tontine-like, afterwards the policyholder receives a secure payment of a (deferred) annuity. A tonuity is attractive for both the retiree (who benefits from a secure income at old ages) and the insurance company (whose capital requirements are reduced compared to conventional annuities). The tonuity is a possibility to offer tailor-made retirement products: using risk capital charges linked to Solvency II, we show that retirees with very low or very high risk aversion prefer a tontine or conventional annuity, respectively. Retirees with medium risk aversion, however, prefer a tonuity. In a utility-based framework, we therefore determine the optimal tonuity characterized by the critical switching time that maximizes the policyholder’s lifetime utility.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, An & Hieber, Peter & Klein, Jakob K., 2019. "Tonuity: A Novel Individual-Oriented Retirement Plan," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 49(1), pages 5-30, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:cup:astinb:v:49:y:2019:i:01:p:5-30_00
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. An Chen & Thai Nguyen & Thorsten Sehner, 2022. "Unit-Linked Tontine: Utility-Based Design, Pricing and Performance," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-27, April.
    2. Bäuerle Nicole & Chen An, 2019. "Optimal retirement planning under partial information," Statistics & Risk Modeling, De Gruyter, vol. 36(1-4), pages 37-55, December.
    3. Annamaria Olivieri, 2021. "Designing Annuities with Flexibility Opportunities in an Uncertain Mortality Scenario," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-18, October.
    4. Chen, An & Rach, Manuel, 2023. "Actuarial fairness and social welfare in mixed-cohort tontines," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 214-229.
    5. Chen, An & Chen, Yusha & Xu, Xian, 2022. "Care-dependent tontines," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 69-89.
    6. Denuit, Michel, 2019. "Size-biased transform and conditional mean risk sharing, with application to P2P insurance and tontines," LIDAM Discussion Papers ISBA 2019010, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    7. Thomas Bernhardt & Catherine Donnelly, 2020. "Quantifying the trade-off between income stability and the number of members in a pooled annuity fund," Papers 2010.16009, arXiv.org.
    8. Chen, An & Rach, Manuel, 2019. "Options on tontines: An innovative way of combining tontines and annuities," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 182-192.
    9. Chen, An & Guillen, Montserrat & Rach, Manuel, 2021. "Fees in tontines," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 89-106.
    10. Denuit, Michel & Robert, Christian Y., 2023. "Endowment contingency funds for mutual aid and public financing," LIDAM Discussion Papers ISBA 2023009, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    11. Devolder, Pierre, 2019. "Une alternative a la pension a points : le compte individuel pension en euros," LIDAM Discussion Papers ISBA 2019011, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    12. Thomas Bernhardt & Ge Qu, 2021. "Wealth heterogeneity in a closed pooled annuity fund," Papers 2110.13467, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2022.
    13. Hieber, Peter & Lucas, Nathalie, 2020. "Life-Care Tontines," LIDAM Discussion Papers ISBA 2020026, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    14. Moshe A. Milevsky & Thomas S. Salisbury, 2024. "The Riccati Tontine: How to Satisfy Regulators on Average," Papers 2402.14555, arXiv.org.
    15. Chen, An & Hieber, Peter & Rach, Manuel, 2021. "Optimal retirement products under subjective mortality beliefs," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(PA), pages 55-69.
    16. Atta Mills, Ebenezer Fiifi Emire & Anyomi, Siegfried Kafui, 2023. "Optimal lifetime income annuity without bequest: Single and annual premiums," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    17. Zhanyi Jiao & Steven Kou & Yang Liu & Ruodu Wang, 2022. "An axiomatic theory for anonymized risk sharing," Papers 2208.07533, arXiv.org, revised May 2023.
    18. Ventura-Marco, Manuel & Vidal-Meliá, Carlos & Pérez-Salamero González, Juan Manuel, 2023. "Joint life care annuities to help retired couples to finance the cost of long-term care," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 122-139.

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