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The Puzzle of Double Referendums in the European Union

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  • Ece Özlem Atikcan

Abstract

If voters are asked to vote twice on the same issue in a single year, why might they initially reject the proposal but then vote to approve it the second time? This has happened three times in EU referendums (Denmark on the Maastricht Treaty in 1992–93 and Ireland on the Nice Treaty in 2001–02 and the Lisbon Treaty in 2008–09). No work has yet compared all six of these referendum campaigns. I focus on the campaign strategies of the Yes and No sides and investigate whether campaigners act differently in the second campaigns. Based on fieldwork in Denmark and Ireland, 38 in‐depth interviews with campaigners and public opinion data, I show that the Yes campaigners learned from their mistakes and changed their campaign strategies in the second rounds. Not only did they secure guarantees from the EU to neutralize the No side's arguments; they also used more emotional campaign arguments in the second campaigns.

Suggested Citation

  • Ece Özlem Atikcan, 2015. "The Puzzle of Double Referendums in the European Union," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(5), pages 937-956, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jcmkts:v:53:y:2015:i:5:p:937-956
    DOI: 10.1111/jcms.12239
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Karin Gilland, 2002. "Ireland’s (First) Referendum on the Treaty of Nice," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(3), pages 527-535, September.
    2. Torben Worre, 1995. "First No, Then Yes: The Danish Referendums on the Maastricht Treaty 1992 and 1993," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(2), pages 235-257, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. David Altman, 2017. "The Potential of Direct Democracy: A Global Measure (1900–2014)," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 133(3), pages 1207-1227, September.

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