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Can Small French Farms Provide an Opportunity for Employment in the Agricultural Sector?

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  • Pauline Lecole

Abstract

The contributions of small farms to the environment or employment are increasingly recognised. Yet small farm employment receives little support from public policies. Can small farms provide employment opportunities in the agricultural sector? The objective of this work is to contribute to reflections on a better adaptation of public support to the heterogeneity of the contributions of small farms to employment. This article focuses on the example of France, using the 2010 agricultural census data. It proposes a typology of workforce patterns in French small farms. In 2010, labour‐intensive small farms with paid worker(s) accounted for just over 2 per cent of small farms in France. They were managed by trained farmers, sometimes newcomers to agriculture, and had high value‐added activities like agrotourism, short distribution channels and/or organic farming production. We conclude with recommendations for European and national public policies aimed at encouraging the maintenance and/or creation of employment on small farms. They include, for example, specific support for small farms, adapted to their lower investment needs and a lighter administrative burden to enable them to develop labour‐intensive projects; or a better integration of small farms into employers’ alliances. Les contributions des petites exploitations à l'environnement ou à l'emploi sont de plus en plus reconnues. Pourtant, l’emploi dans les petites exploitations est peu soutenu par les politiques publiques. Les petites exploitations agricoles peuvent‐elles offrir des opportunités d'emploi dans le secteur agricole ? L'objectif de ce travail est de contribuer à des réflexions sur une meilleure adaptation des aides publiques à l'hétérogénéité des contributions des petites exploitations à l'emploi. Cet article se concentre sur l'exemple de la France, à partir des données du recensement agricole de 2010. Il propose une typologie des profils de main‐d'œuvre dans les petites exploitations françaises. En 2010, les petites exploitations à forte intensité de main‐d'œuvre avec un ou des travailleurs rémunérés représentaient un peu plus de 2 pour cent des petites exploitations en France. Elles étaient gérées par des agriculteurs formés, parfois nouveaux venus dans l'agriculture, et avaient des activités à forte valeur ajoutée comme l'agrotourisme, les circuits courts de distribution et / ou la production agricole biologique. Nous concluons par des recommandations pour des politiques publiques européennes et nationales visant à encourager le maintien et / ou la création d'emplois dans les petites exploitations. Elles comprennent, par exemple, un soutien spécifique aux petites exploitations, adapté à leurs faibles besoins d'investissement et une charge administrative plus légère pour leur permettre de développer des projets à forte intensité de main‐d'œuvre ; ou une meilleure intégration des petites exploitations dans les alliances patronales. Der Beitrag kleiner landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe zum Umweltschutz oder zur Beschäftigung wird zunehmend anerkannt. Dennoch wird die Bereitstellung von Arbeitsplätzen in kleinbäuerlichen Betrieben von der öffentlichen Politik kaum gefördert. Können kleinbäuerliche Betriebe Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten in der Landwirtschaft bieten? Ziel dieser Studie ist es, einen Beitrag zu den Überlegungen zur besseren Anpassung der öffentlichen Förderung an die unterschiedlichen Beiträge von kleinen landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben zur Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen zu leisten. In diesem Artikel konzentrieren wir uns unter Verwendung der Daten der Agrarstatistik aus dem Jahr 2010 auf das Beispiel Frankreichs. Wir schlagen eine Klassifizierung der Beschäftigungsmuster in französischen kleinbäuerlichen Betrieben vor. Im Jahr 2010 machten arbeitsintensive kleine Betriebe mit bezahlten Arbeitskräften etwas mehr als 2 Prozent aller kleinbäuerlichen Betriebe in Frankreich aus. Sie wurden von ausgebildeten Landwirten und Landwirtinnen geführt, die mitunter neu in den Sektor eingestiegen sind. Die Betriebe wiesen Aktivitäten mit hoher Wertschöpfung, wie Agrotourismus, kurze Vertriebswege und/oder ökologische Bewirtschaftungsmethoden auf. Unser Beitrag schließt mit Empfehlungen für europäische und nationale Politiken, die das Ziel verfolgen, Arbeitsplätze in kleinbäuerlichen Betrieben zu erhalten und zu schaffen. Dazu gehört z.B. eine spezielle Unterstützung von kleinen landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben, die an ihren geringeren Investitionsbedarf angepasst ist. Darüber hinaus empfehlen wir, den Verwaltungsaufwand für diese Betriebe zu verringern, um ihnen die Entwicklung arbeitsintensiver Projekte zu ermöglichen. Es wäre ebenfalls wichtig, diese Betriebe besser in Arbeitgeberverbände zu integrieren.

Suggested Citation

  • Pauline Lecole, 2021. "Can Small French Farms Provide an Opportunity for Employment in the Agricultural Sector?," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 20(1), pages 48-54, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:20:y:2021:i:1:p:48-54
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12290
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Peter B. R. Hazell, 2005. "Is there a future for small farms?," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 32(s1), pages 93-101, January.
    2. Cristina Salvioni & Eleni Papadopoulou & Maria Dos Santos, 2014. "Small Farm Survival in Greece, Italy and Portugal," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 13(1), pages 52-57, April.
    3. Catherine Benjamin & Alessandro Corsi & Hervé Guyomard, 1996. "Modelling labour decisions of French agricultural households," Post-Print hal-01931609, HAL.
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    2. Štefan Bojnec & Kristina Knific, 2021. "Farm Household Income Diversification as a Survival Strategy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-16, June.

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