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CO2 emissions embodied in international trade
[Les émissions de CO2 dans le commerce international]

Author

Listed:
  • Rafael CEZAR
  • Tancrède POLGE

Abstract

This article examines international trade from the perspective of the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions generated by the production and distribution of traded goods and services. It takes account of both the CO2 produced within a country’s national territory via its domestic output, and those emissions embodied in its exports or imports. China, for example, is a net exporter of CO2 emissions while the United States is a net importer. More generally, advanced economies consume more CO2 than they emit, while the opposite is true for emerging economies or commodity producers. These divergences are mainly attributable to the sectoral composition of countries’ trade flows. Other factors that influence a country’s CO2 emissions are its scale (economic or population size), the emissions efficiency of its productive apparatus, and the degree to which it is integrated into global value chains. L’article présente un portrait du commerce international établi à partir des émissions de dioxyde de carbone (CO2) liées à la production et à la commercialisation des biens et services échangés. Il s’agit de tenir compte non seulement du CO2 émis sur le territoire national d’un pays, issu de la production locale, mais aussi de celui exporté ou en provenance des importations. Ainsi, alors que la Chine exporte des émissions de CO2, les États-Unis en importent. Plus généralement, les pays avancés consomment plus de CO2 qu’ils n’en émettent, contrairement aux pays émergents ou producteurs de matières premières. Ces écarts s’expliquent notamment par la composition sectorielle des échanges. D’autres facteurs comme l’échelle (taille économique ou population), l’efficacité des systèmes productifs en matière d’émission ou encore l’insertion dans les chaînes de valeur mondiales influent également sur les niveaux d’émission.

Suggested Citation

  • Rafael CEZAR & Tancrède POLGE, 2020. "CO2 emissions embodied in international trade [Les émissions de CO2 dans le commerce international]," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 228.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2020:228:01
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • F18 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Environment
    • F64 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Environment

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