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The evolution of gender-related provisions in regional trade agreements

Author

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  • Monteiro, José-Antonio

Abstract

Regional Trade agreements (RTAs) are sometimes considered as laboratories in which new types of provisions are negotiated to address recent trade-related issues. Although the inclusion of gender-related provisions in RTAs is not a recent phenomenon, only a limited but increasing number of RTAs refer explicitly to gender-related issues. These gender-related provisions are highly heterogeneous and differ in terms of location in the RTA, language, scope and commitments. Some of the most detailed gender-related provisions are found in stand-alone chapters on gender. Cooperation provisions on gender-related issues, including labour, health and social policy, remain the most common type of gender-related provisions found in RTAs. The remaining types of genderrelated provisions, included in a relatively limited number of RTAs, cover different issues, including upholding domestic gender-policies, implementing international gender-related agreements and instruments, and establishing institutional arrangements to oversee the implementation of the gender-related provisions and resolve issues through consultations. The first Global Trade and Gender Arrangement (GTGA), negotiated by Canada, Chile and New Zealand in 2020, builds on many of the gender-related provisions found in RTAs but sets out also new types of gender-related provisions, such as the principle not to weak or reduce the protection provided in gender equality laws and regulations to promote trade or investment.

Suggested Citation

  • Monteiro, José-Antonio, 2021. "The evolution of gender-related provisions in regional trade agreements," WTO Staff Working Papers ERSD-2021-8, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wtowps:ersd20218
    DOI: 10.30875/dd10a280-en
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Monteiro, José-Antonio, 2018. "Gender-related provisions in regional trade agreements," WTO Staff Working Papers ERSD-2018-15, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division.
    2. Monteiro, José-Antonio, 2016. "Provisions on small and medium-sized enterprises in regional trade agreements," WTO Staff Working Papers ERSD-2016-12, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division.
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    Cited by:

    1. Monteiro, José-Antonio, 2021. "Buena vista: Social corporate responsibility provisions in regional trade agreements," WTO Staff Working Papers ERSD-2021-11, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Regional Trade Agreements; Gender; Women; Equality; Inclusiveness;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration

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