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Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der politischen Realisierbarkeit intra- und intergenerativer Gerechtigkeit

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  • Krumm, Raimund
  • Volkert, Jürgen

Abstract

Ziel dieses GeNECA-Diskussionspapiers ist eine Analyse der Realisierbarkeit intra- und intergenerativer Gerechtigkeit aus ökonomischer Perspektive sowie hierauf aufbauender inhaltlicher und methodischer Schlussfolgerungen. Hierzu erörtern wir im zweiten Kapitel zunächst Kontext und Bedeutung des öffentlichen Vernunftgebrauchs ('public reasoning') im Rahmen demokratischer Institutionen und Prozesse für die Verwirklichung intra- und intergenerativer Gerechtigkeit. Im Anschluss daran skizzieren wir in Kapitel 3 in notwendigerweise knapper Form Grundzüge von John Rawls Theorie der Gerechtigkeit als Fairness, die wir im weiteren Verlauf als Referenzkonzeption für Gerechtigkeitsurteile heranziehen. Verletzungen intra- und intergenerativer Gerechtigkeit sind nicht selten Ergebnis politischer Wettbewerbsprozesse. Mehr als der Capability-Ansatz hat sich die ökonomische Public Choice-Theorie, über die wir in Kapitel 3 ebenfalls einen kurzen Überblick geben, mit Anreizen, Akteuren und Ergebnissen des politischen Wettbewerbs auseinandergesetzt. Hierauf aufbauend erörtern wir in Kapitel 4 Untersuchungen, Vorgehensweisen und Ergebnisse des Public Choice-Ansatzes zu Fragen intragenerativer Gerechtigkeit von finanzieller Umverteilungspolitik, Bildungspolitik sowie Umweltpolitik. In Kapitel 5 diskutieren wir sodann Public Choice-Analysen und besondere Herausforderungen intergenerativer Gerechtigkeit. Besondere Berücksichtigung finden dabei die Budgetpolitik und Staatsverschuldung sowie die Umweltpolitik. Im weiteren, abschließenden Hauptkapitel 6 fassen wir die zentralen Positionen und Ergebnisse der Public Choice-Theorie zunächst noch einmal zusammen (6.1). Deutlich wird, dass die Realisierung intra- und intergenerativer Gerechtigkeit aus der Public Choice-Perspektive höchst unwahrscheinlich ist. Ein Grund hierfür ist einerseits die Stärke dieses Ansatzes, im Sinne eines worst-case-Szenarios Politikversagen identifizieren und analysieren zu können. Eine weitere Ursache liegt allerdings andererseits in methodischen und normativen Probleme und Grenzen vieler, insbesondere „klassischer“, Public Choice-Studien. Teilweise widersprechen beispielsweise bedeutende reale Entwicklungen, nicht zuletzt in Fragen intra- und intergenerativer Gerechtigkeit, den Grundannahmen und –vorhersagen der klassischen Public Choice-Theorie. Wir zeigen, dass wesentliche methodische und normative Probleme des Public Choice-Ansatzes mittels einer komplementären Ergänzung durch die umfassendere Konzeption der Motivationsgrundlagen im Capability-Ansatz überwunden werden können. So erscheint es sinnvoll, wie es einzelne Public-Choice-Vertreter bereits praktizieren, den Public Choice-Ansatz über das Selbstinteresse hinaus durch weitere denkbare Motivationsarten zu ergänzen, so etwa durch persönliche Commitments und Verpflichtungen. Jedoch stellen sich am Ende sowohl für die Public Choice-Forschung als auch für den Capability-Ansatz offene Fragen zur empirischen Relevanz der jeweiligen impliziten Annahmen über die Motive gesellschaftlicher Akteure im politischen Prozess. Die Klärung dieses empirischen Forschungsbedarfs zu den Grundannahmen beider Konzeptionen ist Gegenstand eines weiteren GeNECA-Discussion Papers (vgl. Seckler, Volkert und Krumm 2015).

Suggested Citation

  • Krumm, Raimund & Volkert, Jürgen, 2015. "Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der politischen Realisierbarkeit intra- und intergenerativer Gerechtigkeit," UFZ Discussion Papers 11/2015, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Division of Social Sciences (ÖKUS).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ufzdps:112015
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    1. Seckler, Matthias & Volkert, Jürgen, 2021. "The capability approach: A promising foundation for sustainable development?," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).

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    Keywords

    Intra- und intergenerative Gerechtigkeit; Nachhaltige Entwicklung; Public Choice; Capability-Ansatz; Umweltpolitik; Soziale Sicherheit; Umverteilung;
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