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Deficit fiscal y tipo de cambio fijo: racionalizando una combinación insostenible

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  • Nicolás Oviedo

    (Department of Economics, Universidad de San Andrés)

Abstract

Los modelos de crisis de balanzas de pagos de primera generación predicen que, si un gobierno fija el tipo de cambio e incurre en deficit fiscal, a la larga la paridad cambiaria sera insostenible; sobrevendrá una crisis cambiaria. Sabiendo esto, ¿por qué un gobierno adoptaría ese sendero? En este trabajo, desarrollamos un modelo de equilibrio general para ofrecer respuestas a esta pregunta. En primer lugar, bajo determinadas condiciones, el bienestar intertemporal de los agentes es mayor bajo la política fiscal expansiva, respecto del escenario de equilibrio fiscal permanente. Si el nivel de reservas relativo al producto es alto y/o el publico es relativamente impaciente, habra espacio para que la política fiscal mejore el bienestar neto: en esas circunstancias, su rendimiento marginal es decreciente, de manera que habra un nivel de deficit en relación con el producto optimo. Sin embargo, con el mismo set de parámetros, las condiciones para que ese margen exista son mas exigentes si hacemos endógena a la producción de bienes. Cuando esto ocurre, mientras dure la paridad cambiaria, la economía sufre de síntomas análogos a los de la enfermedad holandesa. La capacidad exportable se contrae y se acelera el advenimiento de la crisis cambiaria. La segunda respuesta posible invoca motivaciones políticas. Un gobierno podría estar interesado en gobernar durante los años de tipo de cambio fijo para construir capital politico, programando un deficit de tal magnitud que la crisis cambiaria se desate durante el gobierno del sucesor.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicolás Oviedo, 2022. "Deficit fiscal y tipo de cambio fijo: racionalizando una combinación insostenible," Young Researchers Working Papers 3, Universidad de San Andres, Departamento de Economia, revised Oct 2022.
  • Handle: RePEc:sad:ypaper:3
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