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Is the Persistent Gender Gap in Income and Wages Due to Unequal Family Responsibilities?

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  • Angelov, Nikolay

    (Uppsala Center for Fiscal Studies)

  • Johansson, Per

    (Uppsala University)

  • Lindahl, Erica

    (IFAU)

Abstract

We compare the income and wage trajectories of women in relation to their male partners before and after parenthood. Focusing on the within-couple gap allows us to control for both observed and unobserved attributes of the spouse and to estimate both short- and long-term effects of entering parenthood. Our main finding is that 15 years after the first child was born, the male-female gender gaps in income and wages have increased with 35 and 10 percentage points, respectively. In line with a collective labor supply model, the magnitude of these effects depends on relative incomes or wages within the family.

Suggested Citation

  • Angelov, Nikolay & Johansson, Per & Lindahl, Erica, 2013. "Is the Persistent Gender Gap in Income and Wages Due to Unequal Family Responsibilities?," IZA Discussion Papers 7181, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7181
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    2. Boye, Katarina, 2015. "Care more, earn less? The association between care leave for sick children and wage among Swedish parents," Working Paper Series 2015:18, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.
    3. -, 2020. "Brechas de género en los ingresos laborales en el Uruguay," Coediciones, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 45792 edited by Cepal.
    4. Johanna Wallenius & Tobias Laun, 2016. "Home and Market Hours, Human Capital Accumulation and Fertility," 2016 Meeting Papers 518, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    5. Lisa Geraci & Steve Balsis & Alexander J. Busch Busch, 2015. "Gender and the h index in psychology," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 105(3), pages 2023-2034, December.
    6. Christl, Michael & Köppl-Turyna, Monika, 2017. "Gender wage gap and the role of skills: evidence from PIAAC dataset," Working Papers 05, Agenda Austria.
    7. Magda, Iga & Cukrowska-Torzewska, Ewa, 2018. "Do Female Managers Help to Lower Within-Firm Gender Pay Gaps? Public Institutions vs. Private Enterprises," IZA Discussion Papers 12026, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    8. Matias Busso & Dario Romero Fonseca, 2015. "Female Labor Force Participation in Latin America: Patterns and Explanations," CEDLAS, Working Papers 0187, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
    9. Anna Lovasz & Ewa Cukrowska-Torzewska, 2017. "The Impact of Parenthood on the Gender Wage Gap – a Comparative Analysis of 26 European Countries," Budapest Working Papers on the Labour Market 1715, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies.
    10. Halvarsson, Daniel & Korpi, Martin & Wennberg, Karl, 2016. "Entrepreneurship and Income Inequality," Ratio Working Papers 281, The Ratio Institute.
    11. Maria da Conceição Figueiredo & Elsa Fontainha, 2015. "Male and Female Wage Functions: A Quantile Regression Analysis using LEED and LFS Portuguese Databases," Working Papers Department of Economics 2015/01, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, Department of Economics, Universidade de Lisboa.
    12. Zarmina Khan & Danish Ahmed Siddiqui, 2020. "Antecedents 0f Women WorkForce Conflict and Turnover: The Role of Culture and Environment," Human Resource Research, Macrothink Institute, vol. 4(1), pages 176-204, December.
    13. Albrecht, James & Skogman Thoursie, Peter & Vroman, Susan, 2015. "Parental leave and the glass ceiling in Sweden," Working Paper Series 2015:4, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    gender gap; quantile regression; income; wages;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • D13 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Production and Intrahouse Allocation
    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models

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