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Gaussian approximation of suprema of empirical processes

Author

Listed:
  • Victor Chernozhukov

    (Institute for Fiscal Studies and MIT)

  • Denis Chetverikov

    (Institute for Fiscal Studies and UCLA)

  • Kengo Kato

    (Institute for Fiscal Studies)

Abstract

This paper develops a new direct approach to approximating suprema of general empirical processes by a sequence of suprema of Gaussian processes, without taking the route of approximating whole empirical processes in the sup-norm. We prove an abstract approximation theorem applicable to a wide variety of statistical problems, such as construction of uniform confidence bands for functions. Notably, the bound in the main approximation theorem is nonasymptotic and the theorem does not require uniform boundedness of the class of functions. The proof of the approximation theorem builds on a new coupling inequality for maxima of sums of random vectors, the proof of which depends on an effective use of Stein's method for normal approximation, and some new empirical process techniques. We study applications of this approximation theorem to local and series empirical processes arising in nonparametric estimation via kernel and series methods, where the classes of functions change with the sample size and are non-Donsker. Importantly, our new technique is able to prove the Gaussian approximation for the supremum type statistics under weak regularity conditions, especially concerning the bandwidth and the number of series functions, in those examples.

Suggested Citation

  • Victor Chernozhukov & Denis Chetverikov & Kengo Kato, 2016. "Gaussian approximation of suprema of empirical processes," CeMMAP working papers CWP41/16, Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
  • Handle: RePEc:ifs:cemmap:41/16
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Victor Chernozhukov & Sokbae Lee & Adam M. Rosen, 2013. "Intersection Bounds: Estimation and Inference," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 81(2), pages 667-737, March.
    2. Huang, Jianhua Z., 2003. "Asymptotics for polynomial spline regression under weak conditions," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 65(3), pages 207-216, November.
    3. Victor Chernozhukov & Denis Chetverikov & Kengo Kato, 2013. "Anti-concentration and honest, adaptive confidence bands," CeMMAP working papers CWP69/13, Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    4. Einmahl, John H. J., 1997. "Poisson and Gaussian approximation of weighted local empirical processes," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Elsevier, vol. 70(1), pages 31-58, October.
    5. Konakov, V. D. & Piterbarg, V. I., 1984. "On the convergence rate of maximal deviation distribution for kernel regression estimates," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 15(3), pages 279-294, December.
    6. Belloni, Alexandre & Chernozhukov, Victor & Chetverikov, Denis & Fernández-Val, Iván, 2019. "Conditional quantile processes based on series or many regressors," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 213(1), pages 4-29.
    7. Newey, Whitney K., 1997. "Convergence rates and asymptotic normality for series estimators," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 79(1), pages 147-168, July.
    8. Koenker, Roger W & Bassett, Gilbert, Jr, 1978. "Regression Quantiles," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 46(1), pages 33-50, January.
    9. Uwe Einmahl & David M. Mason, 2000. "An Empirical Process Approach to the Uniform Consistency of Kernel-Type Function Estimators," Journal of Theoretical Probability, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 1-37, January.
    10. Settati, Adel, 2009. "Gaussian approximation of the empirical process under random entropy conditions," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Elsevier, vol. 119(5), pages 1541-1560, May.
    11. He, Xuming & Shao, Qi-Man, 2000. "On Parameters of Increasing Dimensions," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 73(1), pages 120-135, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alexandre Belloni & Victor Chernozhukov & Denis Chetverikov & Kengo Kato, 2013. "On the asymptotic theory for least squares series: pointwise and uniform results," CeMMAP working papers CWP73/13, Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    2. Alexandre Belloni & Victor Chernozhukov & Kengo Kato, 2019. "Valid Post-Selection Inference in High-Dimensional Approximately Sparse Quantile Regression Models," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 114(526), pages 749-758, April.
    3. Belloni, Alexandre. & Chen, Mingli & Chernozhukov, Victor, 2016. "Quantile Graphical Models: Prediction and Conditional Independence with Applications to Financial Risk Management," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 1125, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
    4. Victor Chernozhukov & Denis Chetverikov & Mert Demirer & Esther Duflo & Christian Hansen & Whitney Newey & James Robins, 2018. "Double/debiased machine learning for treatment and structural parameters," Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 21(1), pages 1-68, February.
    5. Belloni, Alexandre & Chernozhukov, Victor & Chetverikov, Denis & Kato, Kengo, 2015. "Some new asymptotic theory for least squares series: Pointwise and uniform results," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 186(2), pages 345-366.
    6. A. Belloni & V. Chernozhukov & I. Fernández‐Val & C. Hansen, 2017. "Program Evaluation and Causal Inference With High‐Dimensional Data," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 85, pages 233-298, January.
    7. Victor Chernozhukov & Denis Chetverikov & Kengo Kato, 2013. "Anti-concentration and honest, adaptive confidence bands," CeMMAP working papers CWP69/13, Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    8. Alexandre Belloni & Mingli Chen & Victor Chernozhukov, 2016. "Quantile Graphical Models: Prediction and Conditional Independence with Applications to Systemic Risk," Papers 1607.00286, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2019.
    9. Victor Chernozhukov & Denis Chetverikov & Kengo Kato, 2012. "Gaussian approximations and multiplier bootstrap for maxima of sums of high-dimensional random vectors," Papers 1212.6906, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2018.
    10. Victor Chernozhukov & Denis Chetverikov & Mert Demirer & Esther Duflo & Christian Hansen & Whitney Newey & James Robins, 2016. "Double/Debiased Machine Learning for Treatment and Causal Parameters," Papers 1608.00060, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2024.
    11. Victor Chernozhukov & Denis Chetverikov & Kengo Kato, 2012. "Central limit theorems and multiplier bootstrap when p is much larger than n," CeMMAP working papers 45/12, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    12. Alexandre Belloni & Victor Chernozhukov & Ivan Fernandez-Val & Christian Hansen, 2013. "Program evaluation with high-dimensional data," CeMMAP working papers CWP77/13, Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    13. Alexandre Belloni & Victor Chernozhukov & Kengo Kato, 2013. "Uniform post selection inference for LAD regression and other z-estimation problems," CeMMAP working papers CWP74/13, Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    14. Victor Chernozhukov & Denis Chetverikov & Mert Demirer & Esther Duflo & Christian Hansen & Whitney K. Newey, 2016. "Double machine learning for treatment and causal parameters," CeMMAP working papers 49/16, Institute for Fiscal Studies.

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