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Artificial Intelligence and Firm-level Productivity

Author

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  • Dirk Czarnitzki
  • Gastón P Fernández
  • Christian Rammer

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is often regarded as the next general-purpose technology with a rapid, penetrating, and far-reaching use over a broad number of industrial sectors. A main feature of new general-purpose technology is to enable new ways of production that may increase productivity. So far, however, only very few studies investigated likely productivity effects of AI at the firm-level; presumably because of lacking data. We exploit unique survey data on firms’ adoption of AI technology and estimate its productivity effects with a sample of German firms. We employ both a cross-sectional dataset and a panel database. To address the potential endogeneity of AI adoption, we also implement IV estimators. We find positive and significant effects of the use of AI on firm productivity. This finding holds for different measures of AI usage, i.e., an indicator variable of AI adoption, and the intensity with which firms use AI methods in their business processes.

Suggested Citation

  • Dirk Czarnitzki & Gastón P Fernández & Christian Rammer, 2022. "Artificial Intelligence and Firm-level Productivity," Working Papers of Department of Management, Strategy and Innovation, Leuven 690486, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), Department of Management, Strategy and Innovation, Leuven.
    • Handle: RePEc:ete:msiper:690486
    Note: paper number MSI_2203
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    2. Saam Marianne, 2024. "The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Productivity and Employment – How Can We Assess It and What Can We Observe?," Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, Sciendo, vol. 59(1), pages 22-27, February.
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    6. Jacques Bughin, 2024. "The Role of Firm AI Capabilities in Generative AI-pair Coding," Working Papers TIMES² 2024-076, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    7. Fossen, Frank M. & McLemore, Trevor & Sorgner, Alina, 2024. "Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship," IZA Discussion Papers 17055, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    8. Wang, Linhui & Cao, Zhanglu & Dong, Zhiqing, 2023. "Are artificial intelligence dividends evenly distributed between profits and wages? Evidence from the private enterprise survey data in China," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 342-356.
    9. Erdsiek, Daniel & Rost, Vincent, 2022. "Datenbewirtschaftung in deutschen Unternehmen: Umfrageergebnisse zu Status-quo und mittelfristigem Ausblick," ZEW Expert Briefs 22-09, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    10. Talaei-Khoei, Amir & Yang, Alan T. & Masialeti, Masialeti, 2024. "How does incorporating ChatGPT within a firm reinforce agility-mediated performance? The moderating role of innovation infusion and firms’ ethical identity," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    11. Ryota Nakatani, 2024. "Multifactor productivity growth enhancers across industries and countries: firm-level evidence," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 14(2), pages 401-446, June.
    12. Erdsiek, Daniel & Rost, Vincent, 2024. "Data Sharing von Unternehmen: Umfrageergebnisse zu möglichen Anreizen," ZEW Expertises, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, number 296876, June.
    13. K. D. V. Prasad & Tanmoy De, 2024. "Generative AI as a catalyst for HRM practices: mediating effects of trust," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, December.
    14. Wang, Zongrun & Zhang, Taiyu & Ren, Xiaohang & Shi, Yukun, 2024. "AI adoption rate and corporate green innovation efficiency: Evidence from Chinese energy companies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    15. Nora Azima Noordin & Khaled Hussainey & Ahmad Faisal Hayek, 2022. "The Use of Artificial Intelligence and Audit Quality: An Analysis from the Perspectives of External Auditors in the UAE," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-14, July.
    16. Yugang He, 2024. "Artificial intelligence and religious freedom: divergent paths converging on economic expansion," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-12, December.
    17. Alessia Lo Turco & Alessandro Sterlacchini, 2024. "Factors Enhancing Ai Adoption By Firms. Evidence From France," Working Papers 486, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche (I), Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Sociali.
    18. Anastasiia Pustovalova & Priit Vahter, 2024. "Automation-Skill Complementarity: The Changing Returns To Soft Skills In Different Stages Of Technology Adoption," University of Tartu - Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Working Paper Series 146, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Tartu (Estonia).
    19. Rammer, Christian & Doherr, Thorsten & Kinne, Jan & Lenz, David, 2024. "KI-Einsatz in Unternehmen in Deutschland: Strategische Ausrichtung und internationale Position," ZEW Expertises, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, number 303033, June.
    20. Mühlemann, Samuel, 2024. "AI Adoption and Workplace Training," IZA Discussion Papers 17367, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    21. Iryna Nyenno & Vyacheslav Truba & Liudmyla Tokarchuk, 2023. "Managerial Future of the Artificial Intelligence," Virtual Economics, The London Academy of Science and Business, vol. 6(2), pages 72-88, June.
    22. Damioli, Giacomo & Van Roy, Vincent & Vertesy, Daniel & Vivarelli, Marco, 2024. "Is Artificial Intelligence Generating a New Paradigm? Evidence from the Emerging Phase," IZA Discussion Papers 17183, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    23. Zeng, Hongjun & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul & Zhou, Xiangjing & Lu, Ran, 2024. "Measuring the extreme linkages and time-frequency co-movements among artificial intelligence and clean energy indices," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    24. Andres, Raphaela & Niebel, Thomas & Sack, Robin, 2024. "Big data and firm-level productivity: A cross-country comparison," ZEW Discussion Papers 24-053, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Artificial Intelligence; Productivity; CIS data;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O14 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • M15 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - IT Management

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