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Perspectives on growth and poverty reduction in Mali

Author

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  • Mohamed Ali Marouani

    (DIAL)

  • Marc Raffinot

    (DIAL, University Paris Dauphine,EURIsCO)

Abstract

(english) Since the 1994 devaluation, growth resumed in Mali without any significant decrease of poverty. This may be explained by the high level of inequality, which has increased in the recent period. The poverty reduction strategy described in the PRSP relies mainly on increasing the supply of primary education and basic health. This strategy is not likely to attain its objectives. Increasing the budgetary allocation of these sectors is not enough to improve the quality of public services and the demand of education (especially of the poorest) will not necessarily increase with its supply. Moreover, the poorest are not likely to grasp the benefits in order to improve their living conditions. The poorest are rural, unable to diversify their agricultural income due to their weak assets and their difficulty to access credit. In a dynamic approach, a redistributive policy could give them the opportunity to invest in human capital before migrating to other sectors where returns to education are higher. However, this would work only if active policies in terms of job creations and access to credit are implemented in the urban areas. _________________________________ (français) Depuis la dévaluation de 1994, le Mali a renoué avec la croissance, sans que cela n’entame significativement l’incidence de la pauvreté – ce qui s’explique notamment par la forte inégalité des revenus qui s’est accrue sur la période récente. Le Cadre Stratégique de Lutte contre la Pauvreté mise surtout sur l’accroissement de l’offre d’éducation primaire et de santé de base. Ces stratégies risquent de n’avoir pas tous les effets escomptés. Il n’est pas sûr que l’accroissement des sommes allouées à ces secteurs se traduise par une amélioration des services publics et que la demande d’éducation (notamment des pauvres) suive l’évolution de l’offre. Il n’est pas évident non plus que les plus pauvres soient en mesure de mettre à profit ces accroissements pour améliorer leurs conditions de vie. La quasi-totalité des très pauvres sont ruraux, incapables d’améliorer durablement leurs revenus agricoles en les diversifiant, du fait de leurs faibles moyens et de leurs difficultés d’accès au crédit. Dans une perspective dynamique, une politique de redistribution en faveur des plus pauvres leur permettrait d’investir en capital humain pour préparer leur migration vers des secteurs où les rendements sont plus élevés – ce qui suppose en même temps des politiques volontaristes de créations d’emplois et de facilitation d’accès au crédit dans les villes.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohamed Ali Marouani & Marc Raffinot, 2004. "Perspectives on growth and poverty reduction in Mali," Working Papers DT/2004/05, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
  • Handle: RePEc:dia:wpaper:dt200405
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jean-Pierre Cling & Philippe De Vreyer & Mireille Razafindrakoto & François Roubaud, 2004. "La croissance ne suffit pas pour réduire la pauvreté," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 18(3), pages 137-187.
    2. François Bourguignon & Amedeo Spadaro, 2000. "Redistribution et incitations au travail. Une application empirique simple de la fiscalité optimale," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 51(3), pages 473-487.
    3. A. de Janvry & E. Sadoulet, 2002. "World Poverty and the Role of Agricultural Technology: Direct and Indirect Effects," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(4), pages 1-26.
    4. Abdulai, Awudu & CroleRees, Anna, 2001. "Determinants of income diversification amongst rural households in Southern Mali," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 26(4), pages 437-452, August.
    5. J. K. Boyce & L. Ndikumana, 2001. "Is Africa a Net Creditor? New Estimates of Capital Flight from Severely Indebted Sub-Saharan African Countries, 1970-96," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(2), pages 27-56.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mwangi S. Kimenyi, 2006. "Economic Reforms and Pro-Poor Growth: Lessons for Africa and other Developing Regions and Economies in Transition," Working papers 2006-02, University of Connecticut, Department of Economics.
    2. Prospère Backiny-Yetna & Franck Adoho & Issa Bouaré & Virginie Briand & Kassim Dabitao & Assa Gakou & Estelle Sommeiller & Dramane Traoré & Clarence Tsimpo & Quentin Wodon, 2009. "Tendance, profil et déterminants de la pauvreté au Mali de 2001 à 2006," Perspective Afrique, Association Africaine pour les Sciences sociales, vol. 4(1-3), pages 1-24.
    3. Isabel Günther & Mohamed Ali Marouani & Marc Raffinot, 2006. "La croissance est-elle pro-pauvres au Mali ?," Working Papers DT/2006/15, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
    4. Grimm, Michael & Günther, Isabel, 2005. "Inflation Inequity and the Measurement of Pro-Poor Growth," Proceedings of the German Development Economics Conference, Kiel 2005 17, Verein für Socialpolitik, Research Committee Development Economics.

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    Keywords

    Pro-poor growth policies; poverty reduction; PRSP; Mali; Politiques de croissance pro-pauvres; lutte contre la pauvreté; DSRP.;
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