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Option Pricing with Asymmetric Heteroskedastic Normal Mixture Models

Author

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  • Jeroen Rombouts
  • Lars Stentoft

Abstract

This paper uses asymmetric heteroskedastic normal mixture models to fit return data and to price options. The models can be estimated straightforwardly by maximum likelihood, have high statistical fit when used on S&P 500 index return data, and allow for substantial negative skewness and time varying higher order moments of the risk neutral distribution. When forecasting out-of-sample a large set of index options between 1996 and 2009, substantial improvements are found compared to several benchmark models in terms of dollar losses and the ability to explain the smirk in implied volatilities. Overall, the dollar root mean squared error of the best performing benchmark component model is 39% larger than for the mixture model. When considering the recent financial crisis this difference increases to 69%. Dans le présent document, nous avons recours aux modèles hétéroscédastiques asymétriques avec mélange de distributions normales pour ajuster les données sur les rendements et fixer les prix des options. Les modèles peuvent être estimés directement par le maximum de vraisemblance, ils comportent un ajustement statistique élevé quand ils sont utilisés sur les données de rendement de l'indice S&P 500, et ils permettent de tenir compte d'une asymétrie négative importante et des moments d'ordre élevé variant dans le temps liés à la distribution du risque nul. Dans le cas des prévisions hors-échantillonnage concernant une vaste gamme d'options sur indice entre 1996 et 2009, nous constatons des améliorations substantielles, par rapport à plusieurs modèles de référence, en termes de pertes exprimées en dollars et de capacité d'expliquer le caractère ironique des volatilités implicites. En général, la racine de l'erreur quadratique moyenne du modèle de référence à composantes le plus efficace est 39 % plus grande que dans le cas du modèle à mélange. Dans le contexte de la récente crise financière, cette différence augmente à 69 %.

Suggested Citation

  • Jeroen Rombouts & Lars Stentoft, 2010. "Option Pricing with Asymmetric Heteroskedastic Normal Mixture Models," CIRANO Working Papers 2010s-38, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2010s-38
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    Cited by:

    1. Rombouts, Jeroen V.K. & Stentoft, Lars, 2011. "Multivariate option pricing with time varying volatility and correlations," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 2267-2281, September.
    2. Rachidi Kotchoni, 2018. "Detecting and Measuring Nonlinearity," Econometrics, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-27, August.
    3. Rombouts, Jeroen V.K. & Stentoft, Lars, 2014. "Bayesian option pricing using mixed normal heteroskedasticity models," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 588-605.
    4. Jean-Guy Simonato & Lars Stentoft, 2015. "Which pricing approach for options under GARCH with non-normal innovations?," CREATES Research Papers 2015-32, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University.
    5. Rachid Belhachemi, 2024. "Option Valuation with Conditional Heteroskedastic Hidden Truncation Models," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 63(6), pages 2585-2601, June.
    6. NESTEROV, Yurii, 2011. "Random gradient-free minimization of convex functions," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2011001, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    7. Lars Stentoft, 2011. "What we can learn from pricing 139,879 Individual Stock Options," CREATES Research Papers 2011-52, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University.
    8. Yang Zhang & Yidong Peng & Xiuli Qu & Jing Shi & Ergin Erdem, 2021. "A Finite Mixture GARCH Approach with EM Algorithm for Energy Forecasting Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-22, April.
    9. AGRELL, Per & KASPERZEC, Roman, 2010. "Dynamic joint investments in supply chains under information asymmetry," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2010085, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    10. Lars Stentoft, 2013. "American option pricing using simulation with an application to the GARCH model," Chapters, in: Adrian R. Bell & Chris Brooks & Marcel Prokopczuk (ed.), Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Empirical Finance, chapter 5, pages 114-147, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    11. Alexandru Badescu & Robert J. Elliott & Juan-Pablo Ortega, 2012. "Quadratic hedging schemes for non-Gaussian GARCH models," Papers 1209.5976, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2013.
    12. Liu, Yanxin & Li, Johnny Siu-Hang & Ng, Andrew Cheuk-Yin, 2015. "Option pricing under GARCH models with Hansen's skewed-t distributed innovations," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 108-125.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Asymmetric heteroskedastic models; finite mixture models; option pricing; out-of-sample prediction; statistical fit ; modèles hétéroscédastiques asymétriques; modèle à mélanges finis; fixation des prix des options; prédiction hors-échantillonnage; ajustement statistique;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C11 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Bayesian Analysis: General
    • C15 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing

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