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Efecto de la pandemia sobre el sistema educativo: El caso de Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra
  • Jorge Enrique Ramos-Forero
  • Jorge Leonardo Rodríguez Arenas
  • Héctor M. Zárate-Solano

Abstract

En este documento se describe el comportamiento reciente de algunos indicadores del sistema educativo colombiano tomando en consideración el efecto de la pandemia. Además, se evalúa empíricamente el impacto de un plan piloto de alternancia, ejecutado entre septiembre y diciembre de 2020, sobre los resultados de la prueba Saber 11 que se realizó en noviembre del mismo año. Los indicadores sobre educación básica y media revelan que la pandemia causó una mayor demanda por servicios de educación en colegios oficiales, aumentó las tasas de deserción y repitencia escolar y profundizó las brechas en el rendimiento académico. En educación superior se mantiene la tendencia descendente en el número de estudiantes matriculados, así como las brechas en el rendimiento académico, al considerar diferentes factores socioeconómicos de los estudiantes. Las estimaciones del ejercicio empírico, que evalúa la efectividad del plan de alternancia, indican que los estudiantes que participaron en el experimento obtuvieron en promedio mejores resultados en la prueba Saber 11 con respecto a los estudiantes que permanecieron en el esquema no presencial. **** ABSTRACT: This paper describes the recent behavior of some indicators of the Colombian educational system considering the effect of the pandemic. In addition, the impact of a pilot alternation plan, executed between September and December 2020, on the results of the Saber 11 test, which was carried out in November of the same year, is empirically evaluated. Indicators on basic education reveal that the pandemic caused a greater demand for education services in official schools, increased dropout, and repetition rates, and widened the gaps in academic performance. In higher education, the downward trend in the number of students enrolled is maintained, as well as the gaps in academic performance, when considering different socioeconomic factors of the students. The estimates of the empirical exercise, which assesses the effectiveness of the alternation plan, indicate that the students who participated in the experiment obtained, on average, better results in the Saber 11 test compared to the students who remained in the non-face-to-face scheme.

Suggested Citation

  • Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & Jorge Enrique Ramos-Forero & Jorge Leonardo Rodríguez Arenas & Héctor M. Zárate-Solano, 2021. "Efecto de la pandemia sobre el sistema educativo: El caso de Colombia," Borradores de Economia 1179, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1179
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1179
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eric A. Hanushek & Ludger Woessmann, 2020. "The economic impacts of learning losses," OECD Education Working Papers 225, OECD Publishing.
    2. Giorgio Di Pietro & Federico Biagi & Patricia Costa & Zbigniew Karpinski & Jacopo Mazza, 2020. "The likely impact of COVID-19 on education: Reflections based on the existing literature and recent international datasets," JRC Research Reports JRC121071, Joint Research Centre.
    3. Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & Jorge Enrique Ramos-Forero & Pedro Oswaldo Hernández-Santamaría, 2017. "La educación superior en Colombia: situación actual y análisis de eficiencia," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, vol. 78, February.
    4. -, 2020. "Report on the economic impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on Latin America and the Caribbean," Libros y Documentos Institucionales, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 45603 edited by Cepal.
    5. Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & Andrea Otero-Cortés & Jorge Enrique Ramos-Forero & Ana María Tribín-Uribe, 2020. "Impacto fiscal de la migración venezolana," Documentos de Trabajo Sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 18165, Banco de la República, Economía Regional.
    6. Ana María Iregui-Bohórquez & Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & María Teresa Ramírez-Giraldo & Ana María Tribín-Uribe, 2020. "The path to gender equality in Colombia: Are we there yet?," Borradores de Economia 1131, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    7. Imbens,Guido W. & Rubin,Donald B., 2015. "Causal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521885881, October.
    8. -, 2020. "Latin America and the Caribbean and the COVID-19 pandemic: Economic and social effects," Libros y Documentos Institucionales, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 45351 edited by Eclac.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rodríguez Arenas, Jorge Leonardo, 2024. "¿Ampliando oportunidades o desigualdades? Efectos de un crédito-beca en estudiantes de bajo desempeño académico," Documentos CEDE 21189, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    2. Salvador Traettino, 2022. "Migración forzada y finanzas públicas locales: Evidencia de los municipios en Colombia," Documentos CEDE 20335, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    3. Zoido, Pablo & Flores-Ceceña, Iván & Székely, Miguel & Hevia, Felipe J. & Castro, Eleno, 2024. "Remote tutoring with low-tech means to accelerate learning: Evidence for El Salvador," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Covid-19; brechas educativas; plan de alternancia; Colombia; educational gaps; alternation plan; Colombia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • H41 - Public Economics - - Publicly Provided Goods - - - Public Goods
    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models

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