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Fonds fiduciaires et programmes verticaux : quelles contributions aux politiques sectorielles ?

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  • Jacky MATHONNAT
  • Martine AUDIBERT

Abstract

L’aide au développement a fortement augmenté depuis le début de la dernière décennie, tant en ce qui concerne l'aide publique, de l’ordre de 150 milliards de USD en 2013 et multipliée par trois en valeur nominale depuis 2000, que l'aide privée, sous l’impulsion des grandes fondations. Parmi les multiples évolutions constatées, deux présentent ici un intérêt particulier : d'une part la forte croissance globale des financements fléchés d‘origine publique et privée, et d‘autre part celle de l'aide à la santé, dont une partie importante est également fléchée. Une large fraction de ces ressources fléchées passe par des fonds fiduciaires qui véhiculeraient près de 15% du total de l’aide publique au développement (World Bank, 2013a), et dont certains financent des programmes verticaux. A partir d'une revue de la littérature, cette note se propose d'examiner un ensemble de questions soulevées par le rôle croissant que jouent les fonds fiduciaires et les programmes verticaux dans le financement et la mise en oeuvre des politiques de développement. L'accent est mis plus particulièrement sur le secteur de la santé. Les fonds fiduciaires et les programmes verticaux sont des instruments différents, mais étroitement liés sous plusieurs aspects, proximité qui justifie d'examiner conjointement un ensemble de questions qui leur sont communes. Il se dégage de cette revue de la littérature cinq points qu’il nous paraît utile de mettre en exergue. Le premier d‘entre eux est la complexification de ces instruments et la prise de conscience des principaux acteurs des avantages et inconvénients de ceux-ci. Deuxièmement, il n‘est pas possible, étant donné les connaissances actuelles, de prendre une position claire et argumentée en faveur ou en défaveur des fonds fiduciaires et des programmes verticaux. Troisièmement, on constate une « diagonalisation » des programmes verticaux qui montre une volonté d‘en corriger les effets négatifs. Quatrièmement, l'analyse de la problématique des fonds fiduciaires et des programmes verticaux doit nécessairement être intégrée dans l’analyse globale de l'efficacité de l'aide, dans la lignée des orientations des conférences de Paris, Accra et Busan. Cinquièmement, cette revue de la littérature, tout en mettant en évidence le déficit d'information auquel on se heurte, montre que l’on dispose cependant d‘un corpus d'éléments permettant aux bailleurs et aux pays bénéficiaires de construire, au cas par cas, leur propre cadre d'analyse ad hoc pour déterminer leurs stratégies et identifier les points sur lesquels il convient d‘être vigilant.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacky MATHONNAT & Martine AUDIBERT, 2017. "Fonds fiduciaires et programmes verticaux : quelles contributions aux politiques sectorielles ?," Working Paper 3ac299f5-d41f-4885-b3d6-2, Agence française de développement.
  • Handle: RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr801
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    References listed on IDEAS

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