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Lo que hacemos con lo que sabemos. Brechas de género en habilidades y tareas en América Latina

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  • Cristian Bonavida

Abstract

En este trabajo utilizamos datos de la base PIAAC para evaluar diferencias por género en los mercados laborales en cuatro países de América Latina. A partir de medidas de desempeño cognitivo, documentamos que las brechas en la edad escolar se repiten durante la etapa adulta, en particular en el campo numérico. Esto ocurre incluso descontando el efecto de la educación. Explotando información de ocupaciones a nivel individual y con especificidad regional, verificamos en qué medida dichas diferencias encuentran un correlato en la intensidad de tareas abstractas, rutinarias y manuales, que hombres y mujeres desempeñan en el contexto laboral. En concreto, encontramos que las habilidades cognitivas son relevantes para el contenido de tarea. Al mismo tiempo la evidencia sugiere una marcada segmentación en el tipo de tareas al interior de las ocupaciones, incluso frente a iguales atributos productivos. A partir de incorporar ambos factores a una regresión de Mincer estimamos el precio asociado a estas tareas controlando por el desempeño cognitivo, que es típicamente una dimensión omitida. Mediante un ejercicio de descomposición cuantificamos en qué medida ambos factores contribuyen a explicar las brechas salariales de género, hallando un efecto significativo que varía en magnitud según el país. Finalmente exploramos cómo estas diferencias se asocian con perspectivas para la demanda de empleo más o menos favorables en relación al cambio tecnológico.

Suggested Citation

  • Cristian Bonavida, 2022. "Lo que hacemos con lo que sabemos. Brechas de género en habilidades y tareas en América Latina," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers 4542, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política.
    • Handle: RePEc:aep:anales:4542
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I25 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Economic Development
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

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