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Revisiting the threshold effect of remittances on total factor productivity growth in South Asia: a study of Bangladesh and India

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  • Ronald Ravinesh Kumar
  • Peter Josef Stauvermann
  • Nikeel N. Kumar
  • Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad

Abstract

Both Bangladesh and India are among the top recipient of remittances in absolute terms. However, in relative terms – remittances as a per cent of GDP – the two countries stand at 6.1% and 2.8%, respectively, well below the levels of the top 10 recipients. In this article, we explore the effect of remittances on the total factor productivity (TFP) growth considering Bangladesh and India, as reference countries over the periods 1980–2012 and 1977–2012, respectively. We examine the presence of a long-run association between remittances and TFP using a number of tests. The results indicate that remittances have threshold effects on TFP growth in both countries. Despite the two countries receiving substantial amount of remittances, we note that Bangladesh has a U-shaped relationship whereas India has an inverted U-shaped relationship with TFP growth. For Bangladesh, a minimum threshold of remittances (% GDP) is 5.3% and for India, a tipping point of remittances (% GDP) is at 1.8%. The causality tests confirm a bidirectional effect, which implies that remittances and TFP growth are mutually reinforcing. Interestingly, while the two economies have similar remittances impact in regards to causality, the study highlights two different tipping points of remittances.

Suggested Citation

  • Ronald Ravinesh Kumar & Peter Josef Stauvermann & Nikeel N. Kumar & Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad, 2018. "Revisiting the threshold effect of remittances on total factor productivity growth in South Asia: a study of Bangladesh and India," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(26), pages 2860-2877, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:applec:v:50:y:2018:i:26:p:2860-2877
    DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2017.1412074
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    Cited by:

    1. Nikeel Kumar & Ronald Ravinesh Kumar & Radika Kumar & Peter Josef Stauvermann, 2020. "Is the tourism–growth relationship asymmetric in the Cook Islands? Evidence from NARDL cointegration and causality tests," Tourism Economics, , vol. 26(4), pages 658-681, June.
    2. Roy, Arup, 2023. "Nexus between economic growth, external debt, oil price, and remittances in India: New insight from novel DARDL simulations," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    3. Adeabah, David & Asongu, Simplice & Andoh, Charles, 2021. "Remittances, ICT and pension income coverage: The international evidence," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    4. Shahidul Islam & Subhadip Ghosh & Mohua Podder, 2022. "Fifty years of agricultural development in Bangladesh: a comparison with India and Pakistan," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 2(7), pages 1-41, July.
    5. Hossain, Sharif M. & Hosoe, Nobuhiro, 2020. "Welfare and equity impacts of cross-border factor mobility in Bangladesh: A general equilibrium analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 172-184.
    6. Thanh Dinh Su & Canh Phuc Nguyen, 2022. "Foreign financial flows, human capital and economic growth in African developing countries," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(3), pages 3010-3031, July.
    7. Dana Luiza GRIGORESCU, 2024. "Financial effect of remittances," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania / Editura Economica, vol. 0(1(638), S), pages 115-124, Spring.
    8. Mulska Olha & Vasyltsiv Taras & Levytska Olha & Sabetska Tetiana & Stefanyshyn Liliia, 2022. "Development of Regional Labor Markets in Ukraine as a Tool to Regulate Internal Migration and Reduce Social Vulnerability," Journal of Management and Business Administration. Central Europe, Sciendo, vol. 30(4), pages 120-149, November.
    9. Anca Mehedintu & Georgeta Soava & Mihaela Sterpu, 2019. "Remittances, Migration and Gross Domestic Product from Romania’s Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-19, December.
    10. David Alaminos & Ana León-Gómez & José Ramón Sánchez-Serrano, 2020. "A DSGE-VAR Analysis for Tourism Development and Sustainable Economic Growth," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-22, May.

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