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Multilevel dual approach for pricing American style derivatives

Author

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  • Denis Belomestny
  • John Schoenmakers
  • Fabian Dickmann

Abstract

In this article we propose a novel approach to reduce the computational complexity of the dual method for pricing American options. We consider a sequence of martingales that converges to a given target martingale and decompose the original dual representation into a sum of representations that correspond to different levels of approximation to the target martingale. By next replacing in each representation true conditional expectations with their Monte Carlo estimates, we arrive at what one may call a multilevel dual Monte Carlo algorithm. The analysis of this algorithm reveals that the computational complexity of getting the corresponding target upper bound, due to the target martingale, can be significantly reduced. In particular, it turns out that using our new approach, we may construct a multilevel version of the well-known nested Monte Carlo algorithm of Andersen and Broadie (Manag. Sci. 50:1222–1234, 2004 ) that is, regarding complexity, virtually equivalent to a non-nested algorithm. The performance of this multilevel algorithm is illustrated by a numerical example. Copyright Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013

Suggested Citation

  • Denis Belomestny & John Schoenmakers & Fabian Dickmann, 2013. "Multilevel dual approach for pricing American style derivatives," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 17(4), pages 717-742, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:finsto:v:17:y:2013:i:4:p:717-742
    DOI: 10.1007/s00780-013-0208-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Leif Andersen & Mark Broadie, 2004. "Primal-Dual Simulation Algorithm for Pricing Multidimensional American Options," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(9), pages 1222-1234, September.
    2. Longstaff, Francis A & Schwartz, Eduardo S, 2001. "Valuing American Options by Simulation: A Simple Least-Squares Approach," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 14(1), pages 113-147.
    3. Christian Bender & Anastasia Kolodko & John Schoenmakers, 2008. "Enhanced policy iteration for American options via scenario selection," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(2), pages 135-146.
    4. Belomestny, Denis, 2009. "Pricing Bermudan options using regression: Optimal rates of convergence for lower estimates," SFB 649 Discussion Papers 2009-023, Humboldt University Berlin, Collaborative Research Center 649: Economic Risk.
    5. Mark S. Joshi, 2007. "A Simple Derivation of and Improvements to Jamshidian's and Rogers' Upper Bound Methods for Bermudan Options," Applied Mathematical Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(3), pages 197-205.
    6. Michael B. Giles, 2008. "Multilevel Monte Carlo Path Simulation," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 56(3), pages 607-617, June.
    7. Denis Belomestny & Christian Bender & John Schoenmakers, 2009. "True Upper Bounds For Bermudan Products Via Non‐Nested Monte Carlo," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 19(1), pages 53-71, January.
    8. Mark Broadie & Menghui Cao, 2008. "Improved lower and upper bound algorithms for pricing American options by simulation," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(8), pages 845-861.
    9. Kolodko A. & Schoenmakers J., 2004. "Upper Bounds for Bermudan Style Derivatives," Monte Carlo Methods and Applications, De Gruyter, vol. 10(3-4), pages 331-343, December.
    10. Martin B. Haugh & Leonid Kogan, 2004. "Pricing American Options: A Duality Approach," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 52(2), pages 258-270, April.
    11. Anastasia Kolodko & John Schoenmakers, 2006. "Iterative construction of the optimal Bermudan stopping time," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 27-49, January.
    12. L. C. G. Rogers, 2002. "Monte Carlo valuation of American options," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 12(3), pages 271-286, July.
    13. Denis Belomestny, 2011. "Pricing Bermudan options by nonparametric regression: optimal rates of convergence for lower estimates," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 15(4), pages 655-683, December.
    14. Longstaff, Francis A & Schwartz, Eduardo S, 2001. "Valuing American Options by Simulation: A Simple Least-Squares Approach," University of California at Los Angeles, Anderson Graduate School of Management qt43n1k4jb, Anderson Graduate School of Management, UCLA.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Devang Sinha & Siddhartha P. Chakrabarty, 2022. "Multilevel Monte Carlo and its Applications in Financial Engineering," Papers 2209.14549, arXiv.org.
    2. Denis Belomestny & Fabian Dickmann & Tigran Nagapetyan, 2013. "Pricing American options via multi-level approximation methods," Papers 1303.1334, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2013.
    3. Karolina Bujok & Ben Hambly & Christoph Reisinger, 2012. "Multilevel simulation of functionals of Bernoulli random variables with application to basket credit derivatives," Papers 1211.0707, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2018.
    4. Denis Belomestny & Stefan Hafner & Mikhail Urusov, 2016. "Regression-based complexity reduction of the nested Monte Carlo methods," Papers 1611.06344, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2018.
    5. Mike Giles & Lukasz Szpruch, 2012. "Multilevel Monte Carlo methods for applications in finance," Papers 1212.1377, arXiv.org.
    6. Zhou, Zhengqing & Wang, Guanyang & Blanchet, Jose H. & Glynn, Peter W., 2023. "Unbiased Optimal Stopping via the MUSE," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    7. Helin Zhu & Fan Ye & Enlu Zhou, 2015. "Fast estimation of true bounds on Bermudan option prices under jump-diffusion processes," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(11), pages 1885-1900, November.
    8. Jérôme Lelong, 2019. "Pricing path-dependent Bermudan options using Wiener chaos expansion: an embarrassingly parallel approach," Working Papers hal-01983115, HAL.
    9. Helin Zhu & Fan Ye & Enlu Zhou, 2013. "Fast Estimation of True Bounds on Bermudan Option Prices under Jump-diffusion Processes," Papers 1305.4321, arXiv.org.
    10. Sebastian Becker & Patrick Cheridito & Arnulf Jentzen & Timo Welti, 2019. "Solving high-dimensional optimal stopping problems using deep learning," Papers 1908.01602, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2021.
    11. Dirk Becherer & Plamen Turkedjiev, 2014. "Multilevel approximation of backward stochastic differential equations," Papers 1412.3140, arXiv.org.
    12. Desmond J. Higham, 2015. "An Introduction to Multilevel Monte Carlo for Option Valuation," Papers 1505.00965, arXiv.org.
    13. Sérgio C. Bezerra & Alberto Ohashi & Francesco Russo & Francys Souza, 2020. "Discrete-type Approximations for Non-Markovian Optimal Stopping Problems: Part II," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 1221-1255, September.
    14. David A. Goldberg & Yilun Chen, 2018. "Polynomial time algorithm for optimal stopping with fixed accuracy," Papers 1807.02227, arXiv.org, revised May 2024.
    15. J'er^ome Lelong, 2019. "Pricing path-dependent Bermudan options using Wiener chaos expansion: an embarrassingly parallel approach," Papers 1901.05672, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2020.
    16. K. Bujok & B. M. Hambly & C. Reisinger, 2015. "Multilevel Simulation of Functionals of Bernoulli Random Variables with Application to Basket Credit Derivatives," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 17(3), pages 579-604, September.
    17. Mark S. Joshi, 2016. "Analysing the bias in the primal-dual upper bound method for early exercisable derivatives: bounds, estimation and removal," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(4), pages 519-533, April.
    18. Nicholas Andrew Yap Swee Guan, 2015. "Regression and Convex Switching System Methods for Stochastic Control Problems with Applications to Multiple-Exercise Options," PhD Thesis, Finance Discipline Group, UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney, number 26, July-Dece.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Optimal stopping; Dual approach; Multilevel Monte Carlo; 91G60; 65C05; 60G40; G10; G12; G13;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing

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