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Auswirkungen der EU-Mitgliedschaft auf ausländische Greenfield-Direktinvestitionen

Author

Listed:
  • Elisabeth Christen

    (WIFO)

  • Martin Falk

    (WIFO)

Abstract

Empirische Studien zeigen, dass die EU-Mitgliedschaft und die Schaffung des Europäischen Binnenmarktes 1992 zu einer höheren Direktinvestitionstätigkeit führten. Theoretisch ist es möglich, dass die Auswirkungen der wirtschaftlichen Integration auf die ausländischen Direktinvestitionen (foreign direct investment, FDI) mit zunehmender Zahl an EU-Mitgliedstaaten im Lauf der Zeit nachlassen. In dieser Arbeit werden die Auswirkungen des EU-Beitritts auf die Greenfield-Direktinvestitionen untersucht. Dabei wird nach Sektoren (Dienstleistungen und Sachgütererzeugung) unterschieden, und es werden die unterschiedlichen Herkunftsländer berücksichtigt. Die Auswirkungen werden anhand eines FDI-Gravitationsmodells geschätzt, das Informationen über 200.000 Direktinvestitionsprojekte im Zeitraum von 2003 bis 2018 enthält. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Auswirkungen der EU-Mitgliedschaft auf die Greenfield-Direktinvestitionen für Bulgarien und Rumänien groß und signifikant sind, jedoch nicht signifikant für Kroatien. Die Anzahl der angekündigten Greenfield-Direktinvestitionsprojekte österreichischer multinationaler Unternehmen in Bulgarien und Rumänien stieg in den ersten drei Jahren nach dem Beitritt um durchschnittlich 180 %, die Zahl der dadurch geschaffenen Arbeitsplätze um 140 %. Die größten Effekte waren bereits im Jahr vor dem Beitritt zu beobachten gewesen. Investitionen aus den Nicht-EU-Ländern sind nach dem EU-Beitritt weniger stark angestiegen. Die Ergebnisse unterscheiden sich nicht wesentlich für den Dienstleistungssektor und die Sachgütererzeugung.

Suggested Citation

  • Elisabeth Christen & Martin Falk, 2020. "Auswirkungen der EU-Mitgliedschaft auf ausländische Greenfield-Direktinvestitionen," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q1-Q2/20, pages 110-121.
    • Handle: RePEc:onb:oenbmp:y:2020:i:q1-q2/20:b:6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Greenfield FDI; EU accession; gravity model;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements

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