Planning for Adaptation? Examining the Planning Integration for Hazard Risk Reduction

Integrated planning—including multiple planning practices for common purposes—is deemed essential for bringing stakeholders together for effective hazard risk reduction. Scholarly attempts to examine if and how distinct plans and planning processes are integrated have ebbed and flowed over time, with a recent resurgence in attention. Utilizing tools from network science, we analyzed four types of planning practices and uncovered considerable variations across local hazard risk-reduction support networks. Our findings reveal that certain communities relied heavily on a few critical actors for risk reduction, making them vulnerable to institutional turbulence. In turn, we point to growing needs for far-reaching and overlapping networks. Our study adds to the literature by integrating multiple planning practices to support more concerted local efforts in hazard risk reduction.