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A Comparative Analysis of Distributor and Rotor Single Regulation Strategies for Low Head Mini Hydraulic Turbines

Author

Listed:
  • Dario Barsi

    (Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transportation Engineering, University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy)

  • Francesca Satta

    (Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transportation Engineering, University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy)

  • Marina Ubaldi

    (Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transportation Engineering, University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy)

  • Pietro Zunino

    (Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transportation Engineering, University of Genova, 16145 Genova, Italy)

Abstract

Tubular axial turbines (TATs) play a crucial role in mini and micro hydropower setups that require simplified yet reliable solutions. In very low head scenarios, single regulation in TATs is common, due to economic impracticality of the sophisticated mechanisms involved in the conjugate distributor–rotor regulation typical of the Kaplan turbines. Distributor or rotor single regulation strategies offer operation flexibility, each with distinct advantages and disadvantages. Stator regulation is simpler, while rotor regulation is more complex but offers potential efficiency gains. The present paper analyzes energy losses associated with these regulation strategies using two approaches: 1D mean line turbomachinery equations and 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The 1D mean line approach is used for understanding the conceptual fluid dynamic aspects involved in the two different regulation approaches, thereby identifying the loss-generation mechanisms in off-design operation. Fully 3D CFD simulations allow for quantifying and deeply explaining the differences in the hydraulic efficiencies of the two regulation strategies. Attention is focused on the two main loss contributions: residual tangential kinetic energy at the rotor outlet and entropy generation. Rotor regulation, even if more complex, provides better results than distributor regulation in terms of both effectiveness (larger flow rate sensitivity to stagger angle variation) and turbine operating efficiency (lower off-design losses).

Suggested Citation

  • Dario Barsi & Francesca Satta & Marina Ubaldi & Pietro Zunino, 2024. "A Comparative Analysis of Distributor and Rotor Single Regulation Strategies for Low Head Mini Hydraulic Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-24, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:10:p:2304-:d:1392024
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eva Bílková & Jiří Souček & Martin Kantor & Roman Kubíček & Petr Nowak, 2023. "Variable-Speed Propeller Turbine for Small Hydropower Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-14, April.
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