IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jecomi/v12y2024i3p62-d1351077.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Cryptocurrencies, Tax Ignorance and Tax Noncompliance in Direct Taxation: Spanish Empirical Evidence

Author

Listed:
  • Álvaro Hernández Sánchez

    (Independent Researcher, 05005 Avila, Spain)

  • Beatriz María Sastre-Hernández

    (DEKIS Research Group, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social and Legal Sciences, Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Avila, Spain)

  • Javier Jorge-Vazquez

    (DEKIS Research Group, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social and Legal Sciences, Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Avila, Spain)

  • Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso

    (DEKIS Research Group, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social and Legal Sciences, Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Avila, Spain)

Abstract

This article highlights the complexity of taxation surrounding cryptocurrency transactions due to the lack of uniform regulation, creating uncertainty for both taxpayers and tax authorities. After determining the tax obligations of individuals in taxation, a survey has been conducted to assess the level of knowledge and compliance with tax obligations related to cryptocurrencies. The survey, in which 103 people participated, reveals the confusion and errors that prevail in perceptions of the tax obligations for cryptocurrencies, particularly in transactions such as swapping and staking in personal income tax. This results in almost half of the respondents (49.5%) not declaring any of their operations with cryptocurrencies. The reasons for this include the fact that the majority of respondents (66%) find the regulation of cryptocurrencies in Spain confusing and difficult to understand. Additionally, 87.4% believe that tax agencies should provide more information and resources on the taxation of cryptocurrencies and digital assets, and that there should be clearer and more comprehensive regulation. However, it should be noted that 41.7% also consider that tax regulation discourages investment in cryptocurrencies.

Suggested Citation

  • Álvaro Hernández Sánchez & Beatriz María Sastre-Hernández & Javier Jorge-Vazquez & Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso, 2024. "Cryptocurrencies, Tax Ignorance and Tax Noncompliance in Direct Taxation: Spanish Empirical Evidence," Economies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-25, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:12:y:2024:i:3:p:62-:d:1351077
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/12/3/62/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/12/3/62/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Auer, Raphael & Tercero-Lucas, David, 2022. "Distrust or speculation? The socioeconomic drivers of U.S. cryptocurrency investments," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    2. Nikola Fabris & Milutin Ješić, 2023. "Are Gold and Bitcoin a Safe Haven for European Indices?," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 12(1), pages 27-44.
    3. Zdenek Smutny & Zdenek Sulc & Jan Lansky, 2021. "Motivations, Barriers and Risk-Taking When Investing in Cryptocurrencies," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(14), pages 1-22, July.
    4. Katherine Baer & Ruud De Mooij & Shafik Hebous & Michael Keen, 2023. "Taxing cryptocurrencies," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 39(3), pages 478-497.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso & Javier Jorge-Vázquez & Miguel Ángel Echarte Fernández & David Sanz-Bas, 2024. "Bitcoin’s bubbly behaviors: does it resemble other financial bubbles of the past?," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Nils Brouwer & Jakob de Haan, 2024. "What Drives Households’ Knowledge about Cryptocurrencies?," Working Papers 799, DNB.
    3. Di Casola, Paola & Habib, Maurizio Michael & Tercero-Lucas, David, 2023. "Global and local drivers of Bitcoin trading vis-à-vis fiat currencies," Working Paper Series 2868, European Central Bank.
    4. Griffith, Todd & Clancey-Shang, Danjue, 2023. "Cryptocurrency regulation and market quality," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    5. Weber, Michael & Candia, Bernardo & Coibion, Olivier & Gorodnichenko, Yuriy, 2023. "Do You Even Crypto, Bro? Cryptocurrencies in Household Finance," IZA Discussion Papers 16335, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. Arindam Misra, 2024. "Tax Policy Handbook for Crypto Assets," Papers 2403.15074, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2024.
    7. Kreppmeier, Julia & Laschinger, Ralf & Steininger, Bertram & Dorfleitner, Gregor, 2023. "Real Estate Security Token Offerings and the Secondary Market: Driven by Crypto Hype or Fundamentals?," Working Paper Series 23/6, Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Real Estate and Construction Management & Banking and Finance.
    8. Amin Izadyar & Shiva Zamani, 2022. "Investor base and idiosyncratic volatility of cryptocurrencies," Papers 2211.13274, arXiv.org.
    9. Levkov Nikola & Bogoevska-Gavrilova Irena & Trajkovska Milica, 2022. "Profile and Financial Behaviour of Crypto Adopters – Evidence from Macedonian Population Survey," South East European Journal of Economics and Business, Sciendo, vol. 17(2), pages 172-185, December.
    10. Raphael Auer & Giulio Cornelli & Sebastian Doerr & Jon Frost & Leonardo Gambacorta, 2022. "Crypto trading and Bitcoin prices: evidence from a new database of retail adoption," BIS Working Papers 1049, Bank for International Settlements.
    11. Vladut Faraonel & Alexandra Raluca Jelea & Mara Matcu, 2022. "Romanian Students’ Perception of Cryptocurrency," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 0(1), pages 545-551, September.
    12. Anantha Divakaruni & Peter Zimmerman, 2024. "Uncovering Retail Trading in Bitcoin: The Impact of COVID-19 Stimulus Checks," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 70(4), pages 2066-2085, April.
    13. Shimeng Shi, 2022. "Bitcoin futures risk premia," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(12), pages 2190-2217, December.
    14. Ante, Lennart & Wazinski, Friedrich-Philipp & Saggu, Aman, 2023. "Digital real estate in the metaverse: An empirical analysis of retail investor motivations," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PA).
    15. Marinela BÃRBULESCU & Alina HAGIU, 2022. "The Connotations Of The Crisis On The Cryptoassets Market," Scientific Bulletin - Economic Sciences, University of Pitesti, vol. 21(3), pages 123-136.
    16. Feyen,Erik H.B. & Kawashima,Yusaku & Mittal,Raunak, 2022. "Crypto-Assets Activity around the World : Evolution and Macro-Financial Drivers," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9962, The World Bank.
    17. Chiara Oldani & Giovanni S. F. Bruno & Marcello Signorelli, 2024. "Economic policy uncertainty and cryptocurrencies," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 14(3), pages 709-728, September.
    18. Alaminos, David & Guillén-Pujadas, Miguel & Vizuete-Luciano, Emili & Merigó, José María, 2024. "What is going on with studies on financial speculation? Evidence from a bibliometric analysis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(PB), pages 429-445.
    19. Fernández Francisco Javier Jorcano & Fernández Miguel Ángel Echarte & Alonso Sergio Luis Náñez, 2024. "The asset-backing risk of stablecoin trading: The case of Tether," Economics and Business Review, Sciendo, vol. 10(1), pages 57-80, April.
    20. Shafique Ur Rehman & Touqeer Ahmad & Wu Dash Desheng & Amirhossein Karamoozian, 2024. "Analyzing selected cryptocurrencies spillover effects on global financial indices: Comparing risk measures using conventional and eGARCH-EVT-Copula approaches," Papers 2407.15766, arXiv.org.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:12:y:2024:i:3:p:62-:d:1351077. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.