IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/riibaf/v67y2024ipbs0275531923002271.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The effects of NASDAQ delisting on firm performance

Author

Listed:
  • Li, Mingsheng
  • Liu, Karen
  • Zhu, Xiaorui

Abstract

We empirically investigate the effects of involuntary delisting from the NASDAQ on delisted firms. To disentangle the delisting effects from other factors, we use NASDAQ market volatility during a firm’s delisting grace period as an instrumental variable (IV) and compare firms that ultimately delisted and began trading on over-the-counter markets with those that regained compliance and remained on the NASDAQ. Although delisted firms experienced declines in liquidity, access to capital markets, investments, and performance, these declines are not mainly attributable to delisting. Among various liquidity measures, delisting reduces daily trading volume only for firms whose stocks were actively traded prior to delisting. Similarly, delisting reduces equity issuance only if the firm’s stock was actively traded prior to delisting. Overall, our findings indicate that delisting from a stock exchange is not as costly as commonly believed, supporting recent policy initiatives to provide alternative listing and trading venues for small companies.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Mingsheng & Liu, Karen & Zhu, Xiaorui, 2024. "The effects of NASDAQ delisting on firm performance," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(PB).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:riibaf:v:67:y:2024:i:pb:s0275531923002271
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2023.102101
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0275531923002271
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ribaf.2023.102101?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Liu, Shinhua & Stowe, John D. & Hung, Ken, 2012. "Why U.S. firms delist from the Tokyo stock exchange: An empirical analysis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 62-70.
    2. Reinganum, Marc R., 1990. "Market microstructure and asset pricing : An empirical investigation of NYSE and NASDAQ securities," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(1-2), pages 127-147.
    3. Doidge, Craig & Karolyi, G. Andrew & Stulz, René M., 2017. "The U.S. listing gap," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 123(3), pages 464-487.
    4. Aggarwal, Reena & Angel, James J., 1999. "The rise and fall of the Amex Emerging Company Marketplace," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(2), pages 257-289, May.
    5. Marosi, András & Massoud, Nadia, 2007. "Why Do Firms Go Dark?," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 42(2), pages 421-442, June.
    6. Harris, Jeffrey H. & Panchapagesan, Venkatesh & Werner, Ingrid, 2008. "Off but Not Gone: A Study of Nasdaq Delistings," Working Paper Series 2008-6, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics.
    7. Kadlec, Gregory B & McConnell, John J, 1994. "The Effect of Market Segmentation and Illiquidity on Asset Prices: Evidence from Exchange Listings," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 49(2), pages 611-636, June.
    8. Loureiro, Gilberto & Silva, Sónia, 2022. "Earnings management and stock price crashes post U.S. cross-delistings," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    9. Imbens, Guido W & Angrist, Joshua D, 1994. "Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 62(2), pages 467-475, March.
    10. Anthony Saunders & Sascha Steffen, 2011. "The Costs of Being Private: Evidence from the Loan Market," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 24(12), pages 4091-4122.
    11. Chemmanur, Thomas J. & Fulghieri, Paolo, 2006. "Competition and cooperation among exchanges: A theory of cross-listing and endogenous listing standards," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(2), pages 455-489, November.
    12. Bakke, Tor-Erik & Jens, Candace E. & Whited, Toni M., 2012. "The real effects of delisting: Evidence from a regression discontinuity design," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 9(4), pages 183-193.
    13. Sanger, Gary C. & Peterson, James D., 1990. "An Empirical Analysis of Common Stock Delistings," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 25(2), pages 261-272, June.
    14. Amihud, Yakov, 2002. "Illiquidity and stock returns: cross-section and time-series effects," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 5(1), pages 31-56, January.
    15. Steen Thomsen & Frederik Vinten, 2014. "Delistings and the costs of governance: a study of European stock exchanges 1996–2004," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 18(3), pages 793-833, August.
    16. Tyler Shumway & Vincent A. Warther, 1999. "The Delisting Bias in CRSP's Nasdaq Data and Its Implications for the Size Effect," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 54(6), pages 2361-2379, December.
    17. Macey, Jonathan R. & O'Hara, Maureen, 2002. "The Economics of Stock Exchange Listing Fees and Listing Requirements," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 11(3), pages 297-319, July.
    18. Isabelle Martinez & Stéphanie Serve, 2017. "Reasons For Delisting And Consequences: A Literature Review And Research Agenda," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(3), pages 733-770, July.
    19. Brennan, Michael J. & Subrahmanyam, Avanidhar, 1995. "Investment analysis and price formation in securities markets," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 361-381, July.
    20. Sanger, Gary C. & McConnell, John J., 1986. "Stock Exchange Listings, Firm Value, and Security Market Efficiency: The Impact of NASDAQ," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 21(1), pages 1-25, March.
    21. Gao, Xiaohui & Ritter, Jay R. & Zhu, Zhongyan, 2013. "Where Have All the IPOs Gone?," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 48(6), pages 1663-1692, December.
    22. Shai Bernstein, 2015. "Does Going Public Affect Innovation?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 70(4), pages 1365-1403, August.
    23. Leuz, Christian & Triantis, Alexander & Yue Wang, Tracy, 2008. "Why do firms go dark? Causes and economic consequences of voluntary SEC deregistrations," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(2-3), pages 181-208, August.
    24. John Asker & Joan Farre-Mensa & Alexander Ljungqvist, 2015. "Corporate Investment and Stock Market Listing: A Puzzle?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 28(2), pages 342-390.
    25. Hu, Gang & Lin, Ji-Chai & Wong, Owen & Yu, Manning, 2019. "Why have many U.S.-listed Chinese firms announced delisting recently?," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 13-31.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Davis, Ryan & Griffith, Todd & Van Ness, Bonnie & Van Ness, Robert, 2023. "Modern OTC market structure and liquidity: The tale of three tiers," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    2. Bessler, Wolfgang & Beyenbach, Johannes & Rapp, Marc Steffen & Vendrasco, Marco, 2021. "The global financial crisis and stock market migrations: An analysis of family and non-family firms in Germany," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    3. Rhee, S. Ghon & Wu, Feng, 2012. "Anything wrong with breaking a buck? An empirical evaluation of NASDAQ's $1 minimum bid price maintenance criterion," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 258-285.
    4. Ryan Davis & Todd Griffith & Brian Roseman & Serhat Yildiz, 2021. "The effects of exchange listing on market quality: Evidence from over‐the‐counter uplistings," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 56(4), pages 645-669, November.
    5. Lin, Wen-Chun & Liao, Tsai-Ling, 2015. "Exchange listing type and firm financial reporting behavior," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 234-249.
    6. Kashefi Pour, Eilnaz & Lasfer, Meziane, 2013. "Why do companies delist voluntarily from the stock market?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(12), pages 4850-4860.
    7. Kwon, Sungjoung & Lowry, Michelle & Qian, Yiming, 2020. "Mutual fund investments in private firms," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(2), pages 407-443.
    8. Acharya, Viral & Xu, Zhaoxia, 2017. "Financial dependence and innovation: The case of public versus private firms," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(2), pages 223-243.
    9. Oded Cohen, 2020. "Does Investor Protection Regulation Induce Poorly Governed Firms to Go Private?," Bank of Israel Working Papers 2020.07, Bank of Israel.
    10. Divakaruni, Anantha & Jones, Howard, 2021. "Disclosure, Firm Growth, and the JOBS Act," SocArXiv 3zumb, Center for Open Science.
    11. Wolfgang Bessler & Johannes Beyenbach & Marc Steffen Rapp & Marco Vendrasco, 2023. "Why do firms down-list or exit from securities markets?," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 17(4), pages 1175-1211, May.
    12. Orihara, Masanori, 2017. "Stock market listing and corporate policy: Evidence from reforms to Japanese corporate law," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 15-36.
    13. Li, Xi, 2014. "The Sarbanes–Oxley act and cross-listed foreign private issuers," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(1), pages 21-40.
    14. Marc Berninger & Markus Klug & Dirk Schiereck, 2018. "Börsenrückzüge infolge steigender Corporate-Governance-Anforderungen – Empirische Evidenz von 13 europäischen Kapitalmärkten [Delistings due to Increased Corporate Governance Requirements – Empiric," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 70(4), pages 351-391, December.
    15. Michael Ewens & Joan Farre-Mensa, 2020. "The Deregulation of the Private Equity Markets and the Decline in IPOs," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 33(12), pages 5463-5509.
    16. Michael Ewens & Joan Farre-Mensa, 2022. "Private or Public Equity? The Evolving Entrepreneurial Finance Landscape," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 14(1), pages 271-293, November.
    17. Lai, Kam-Wah & Leung, Patrick W., 2018. "Unintended consequences of securities regulation: Stock value loss upon potential involuntary delisting in Hong Kong," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 219-226.
    18. Ulf Brüggemann & Aditya Kaul & Christian Leuz & Ingrid M. Werner, 2018. "The Twilight Zone: OTC Regulatory Regimes and Market Quality," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 31(3), pages 898-942.
    19. Roosenboom, Peter & van Dijk, Mathijs A., 2009. "The market reaction to cross-listings: Does the destination market matter?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(10), pages 1898-1908, October.
    20. Vojislav Maksimovic & Gordon M. Phillips & Liu Yang, 2017. "Do Public Firms Respond to Investment Opportunities More than Private Firms? The Impact of Initial Firm Quality," NBER Working Papers 24104, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:riibaf:v:67:y:2024:i:pb:s0275531923002271. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ribaf .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.