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The potential for grid defection of small and medium sized enterprises using solar photovoltaic, battery and generator hybrid systems

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  • Peffley, Trevor B.
  • Pearce, Joshua M.

Abstract

Grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) systems enable lowercost electricity for small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) than current many providers of grid electricity in the U.S. These economic realities threaten conventional electric utilities, which have begun manipulating rate structures to reduce the profitability of distributed generation (DG), as well as putting arbitrary caps on DG in their service territories. SMEs may still reduce electricity costs, if they can grid defect with hybrid captive power systems made up of solar PV, battery and generator subsystems. This paper analyzes the technical and economic viability for hybrid solar systems deployed in the commercial sector to enable self-generation. Specifically, for the first time, the economics of grid defection are analyzed for three case studies of SMEs in the northern U.S., which represent a challenging technical case because of long dark winters, but also have high utility costs. The results of the simulations make it clear that grid defection is already viable for SMEs with the current prices for all components in the solar hybrid system. These results were consistent across scale, load-profile, and utility rate. These economic projections included no government incentives or subsidies and can thus be considered extremely conservative for the specific case studies. Policy changes are discussed for electric utilities to avoid the potential of a utility death spiral in this and similar performing locations.

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  • Peffley, Trevor B. & Pearce, Joshua M., 2020. "The potential for grid defection of small and medium sized enterprises using solar photovoltaic, battery and generator hybrid systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 193-204.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:148:y:2020:i:c:p:193-204
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.12.039
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    Cited by:

    1. Joshua M. Pearce & Nelson Sommerfeldt, 2021. "Economics of Grid-Tied Solar Photovoltaic Systems Coupled to Heat Pumps: The Case of Northern Climates of the U.S. and Canada," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-17, February.
    2. Sommerfeldt, Nelson & Pearce, Joshua M., 2023. "Can grid-tied solar photovoltaics lead to residential heating electrification? A techno-economic case study in the midwestern U.S," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    3. Gorman, Will & Barbose, Galen & Pablo Carvallo, Juan & Baik, Sunhee & Miller, Chandler & White, Philip & Praprost, Marlena, 2023. "County-level assessment of behind-the-meter solar and storage to mitigate long duration power interruptions for residential customers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 342(C).
    4. Sohani, Ali & Sayyaadi, Hoseyn, 2020. "Providing an accurate method for obtaining the efficiency of a photovoltaic solar module," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 395-406.
    5. Sun, Bohan & Gao, Ke & Liu, Shuai & Wei, Qiaoqiao & Wang, Hui, 2023. "Assessing the performance and economic viability of solar home systems: A way forward towards clean energy exploration and consumption," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 409-419.
    6. Gorman, Will & Jarvis, Stephen & Callaway, Duncan, 2020. "Should I Stay Or Should I Go? The importance of electricity rate design for household defection from the power grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).

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