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Vertical licensing, input pricing, and entry

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  • Bakaouka, Elpiniki
  • Milliou, Chrysovalantou

Abstract

We explore the incentives of a vertically integrated incumbent to license the production technology of its core input to an external firm, transforming the licensee into its input supplier. We find that the incumbent opts for licensing even when licensing also transforms the licensee into one of its direct competitors in the final products market. In fact, the licensee’s entry into the final products market, although it increases the competition and the cost that the licensor faces, reinforces the licensing incentives. Furthermore, the licensee’s entry augments the positive welfare implications of vertical licensing.

Suggested Citation

  • Bakaouka, Elpiniki & Milliou, Chrysovalantou, 2018. "Vertical licensing, input pricing, and entry," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 66-96.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:indorg:v:59:y:2018:i:c:p:66-96
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2018.03.007
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    Cited by:

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    2. Ku-Chu Tsao & Jin-Li Hu & Hong Hwang & Yan-Shu Lin, 2023. "More licensed technologies may make it worse: a welfare analysis of licensing vertically two-tier foreign technologies," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 139(1), pages 71-88, June.
    3. Luca Sandrini, 2023. "Innovation, competition, and incomplete adoption of a superior technology," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(6), pages 783-803, August.
    4. Wen-Jung Liang & Yi-Jie Wang, 2019. "Location, Price, And Welfare In The Oligopoly With One Online Firm," Economy & Business Journal, International Scientific Publications, Bulgaria, vol. 13(1), pages 148-160.
    5. Chrysovalantou Milliou, 2023. "Outsourcing without Cost Advantages," CESifo Working Paper Series 10645, CESifo.
    6. Chrysovalantou Milliou & Apostolis Pavlou, 2020. "Foreign direct investment in vertically related markets," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 53(1), pages 284-320, February.
    7. Negoro, Kazuhiro & Matsubayashi, Nobuo, 2021. "Game-theoretic analysis of partner selection strategies for market entry in global supply chains," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    8. Pei-Cyuan Shih & Tsung-Han Chou & Hong Hwang & Yan-Shu Lin, 2024. "Technology Licensing under Successive Monopoly," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 64(3), pages 327-340, May.
    9. Yenipazarli, Arda, 2021. "Downstream entry revisited: Economic effects of entry in vertically-related markets," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    10. Kittaka, Yuta & Pan, Cong, 2023. "The bright side of outside market entry with manufacturer encroachment," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Licensing; Vertical relations; Entry; Two-part tariffs; Outsourcing;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L22 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Organization and Market Structure
    • L24 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Contracting Out; Joint Ventures
    • L13 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
    • L42 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts
    • D45 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - Rationing; Licensing

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