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Community bank mergers and their impact on small business lending

Author

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  • Jagtiani, Julapa
  • Kotliar, Ian
  • Maingi, Raman Quinn

Abstract

There have been increasing concerns about the potential of larger banks acquiring community banks and the declining number of community banks, which would significantly reduce small business lending (SBL) and disrupt relationship lending. This paper examines the roles and characteristics of U.S. community banks in the past decade, covering the recent economic boom and downturn. We analyze risk characteristics of acquired community banks, compare pre- and post-acquisition performance, and investigate how the acquisitions have affected SBL. Contrary to the concerns, our analysis shows that the overall amount of SBL increases more after a merger when a community bank is acquired by a large bank. Data also suggest an overall (regardless of mergers) declining SBL trend for all bank size groups. In fact, the decline in the SBL ratio, on average, has been more severe among community banks, relative to large banks. Our results indicate that mergers involving community bank targets over the past decade have enhanced the overall safety and soundness of the banking system without adversely impacting SBL.

Suggested Citation

  • Jagtiani, Julapa & Kotliar, Ian & Maingi, Raman Quinn, 2016. "Community bank mergers and their impact on small business lending," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 106-121.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:finsta:v:27:y:2016:i:c:p:106-121
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jfs.2016.10.005
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kilian Huber, 2021. "Are Bigger Banks Better? Firm-Level Evidence from Germany," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 129(7), pages 2023-2066.
    2. Hughes, Joseph P. & Jagtiani, Julapa & Mester, Loretta J. & Moon, Choon-Geol, 2019. "Does scale matter in community bank performance? Evidence obtained by applying several new measures of performance," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 471-499.
    3. Brei, Michael & Gambacorta, Leonardo & Lucchetta, Marcella & Parigi, Bruno Maria, 2023. "How effective are bad bank resolutions? New evidence from Europe," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    4. Michelle W. Bowman, 2019. "Advancing Our Understanding of Community Banking : a speech at \"Community Banking in the 21st Century\" 2019 Community Banking Research and Policy Conference sponsored by the Federal Reserv," Speech 1089, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    5. Iwanicz-Drozdowska, Małgorzata & Jackowicz, Krzysztof & Kozłowski, Łukasz, 2018. "SMEs' near-death experiences. Do local banks extend a helping hand?," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 47-65.
    6. Alex Fayman & Su‐Jane Chen & Timothy Mayes, 2022. "Community banks versus non‐community banks: Post the Great Recession," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 51(2), July.
    7. Mkhaiber, Achraf & Werner, Richard A., 2021. "The relationship between bank size and the propensity to lend to small firms: New empirical evidence from a large sample," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    8. Pedro Manuel Nogueira Reis & António Pedro Soares Pinto, 2022. "How Do Banking Characteristics Influence Companies’ Debt Features and Performance during COVID-19? A Study of Portuguese Firms," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-29, October.
    9. Kim, Kevin N. & Katchova, Ani, 2022. "Determinants of Community & Agricultural Bank Consolidations: A Rare Event Study," 2022 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Anaheim, California 322375, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    10. Joan Calzada & Xavier Fageda & Fernando Martínez-Santos, 2023. "Mergers and bank branches: two decades of evidence from the USA," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 64(5), pages 2411-2447, May.
    11. Chiaramonte, Laura & Dreassi, Alberto & Piserà, Stefano & Khan, Ashraf, 2023. "Mergers and acquisitions in the financial industry: A bibliometric review and future research directions," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Community banks; Small business lending; Bank mergers;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance

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