IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/finana/v91y2024ics105752192300532x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Home country digital finance development and post-entry internationalization speed of emerging market SMEs: Empirical evidence from China

Author

Listed:
  • Zhou, Chao
  • Liao, Jinglin

Abstract

Digital finance development (DFD) has profoundly impacted various aspects of our society. This study investigates how home country DFD affects the post-entry internationalization speed (PIS) of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in emerging markets. Using data on Chinese manufacturing SMEs from 2011 to 2020, we find that home country DFD exerts a significantly positive impact on emerging market SMEs' PIS. In particular, this positive impact is especially pronounced for SMEs led by CEOs with overseas experience, those in high-tech industries, and those in home country regions with a high level of traditional finance development. The mechanism analysis demonstrates that home country DFD enhances SMEs' PIS through two channels: easing firm financing constraints and improving firm productivity. Our findings advance the knowledge about the economic effects of DFD and the determinants of PIS.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhou, Chao & Liao, Jinglin, 2024. "Home country digital finance development and post-entry internationalization speed of emerging market SMEs: Empirical evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:finana:v:91:y:2024:i:c:s105752192300532x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.irfa.2023.103016
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105752192300532X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.103016?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bonaglia, Federico & Goldstein, Andrea & Mathews, John A., 2007. "Accelerated internationalization by emerging markets' multinationals: The case of the white goods sector," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 42(4), pages 369-383, December.
    2. Elisabeth Müller & Volker Zimmermann, 2009. "The importance of equity finance for R&D activity," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 33(3), pages 303-318, October.
    3. Musteen, Martina & Francis, John & Datta, Deepak K., 2010. "The influence of international networks on internationalization speed and performance: A study of Czech SMEs," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 45(3), pages 197-205, July.
    4. Jiang, Ruihua Joy & Beamish, Paul W. & Makino, Shige, 2014. "Time compression diseconomies in foreign expansion," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 114-121.
    5. Bronwyn Hall, 2004. "The financing of research and development," Chapters, in: Anthony Bartzokas & Sunil Mani (ed.), Financial Systems, Corporate Investment in Innovation, and Venture Capital, chapter 2, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    6. Chan, Jackie M.L. & Manova, Kalina, 2015. "Financial development and the choice of trade partners," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 122-145.
    7. Zahoor, Nadia & Al-Tabbaa, Omar, 2021. "Post-entry internationalization speed of SMEs: The role of relational mechanisms and foreign market knowledge," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 30(1).
    8. John A Mathews & Ivo Zander, 2007. "The international entrepreneurial dynamics of accelerated internationalisation," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 38(3), pages 387-403, May.
    9. Peterson K. Ozili, 2018. "Impact of digital finance on financial inclusion and stability," Borsa Istanbul Review, Research and Business Development Department, Borsa Istanbul, vol. 18(4), pages 329-340, December.
    10. Stijn Claessens & Luc Laeven, 2003. "Financial Development, Property Rights, and Growth," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 58(6), pages 2401-2436, December.
    11. Gassmann, Oliver & Keupp, Marcus Matthias, 2007. "The competitive advantage of early and rapidly internationalising SMEs in the biotechnology industry: A knowledge-based view," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 350-366, September.
    12. Jain, Naveen Kumar & Celo, Sokol & Kumar, Vikas, 2019. "Internationalization speed, resources and performance: Evidence from Indian software industry," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 26-37.
    13. Feng Guo & Sherry Tao Kong & Jingyi Wang, 2016. "General patterns and regional disparity of internet finance development in China: Evidence from the Peking University Internet Finance Development Index," China Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(3), pages 253-271, September.
    14. Cheng, Hua & Wang, Ziqi & Peng, Dan & Kong, Qunxi, 2020. "Firm’s outward foreign direct investment and efficiency loss of factor price distortion: Evidence from Chinese firms," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 176-188.
    15. Sean Cleary, 1999. "The Relationship between Firm Investment and Financial Status," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 54(2), pages 673-692, April.
    16. Peter J. Buckley & Mark Casson, 2010. "The Optimal Timing of a Foreign Direct Investment," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: The Multinational Enterprise Revisited, chapter 2, pages 25-40, Palgrave Macmillan.
    17. Elhanan Helpman & Marc J. Melitz & Stephen R. Yeaple, 2004. "Export Versus FDI with Heterogeneous Firms," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 94(1), pages 300-316, March.
    18. Ho‐Uk Lee & Jong‐Hun Park, 2008. "The Influence of Top Management Team International Exposure on International Alliance Formation," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(5), pages 961-981, July.
    19. Mohsin Shahzad & Ying Qu & Abaid Ullah Zafar & Andrea Appolloni, 2021. "Does the interaction between the knowledge management process and sustainable development practices boost corporate green innovation?," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(8), pages 4206-4222, December.
    20. Zhou, Chao, 2020. "The effects of outward FDI and export on firm productivity in emerging markets: Evidence from matching approach," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    21. Mina, Andrea & Santoleri, Pietro, 2021. "The effect of the Great Recession on the employment growth of young vs. small firms in the Eurozone," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 184-194.
    22. Zhiqiang Lu & Junjie Wu & Hongyu Li & Duc Khuong Nguyen, 2022. "Local Bank, Digital Financial Inclusion and SME Financing Constraints: Empirical Evidence from China," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 58(6), pages 1712-1725, May.
    23. Beladi, Hamid & Deng, Jie & Hu, May, 2021. "Cash flow uncertainty, financial constraints and R&D investment," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    24. Li, Peng-Yu, 2018. "Top management team characteristics and firm internationalization: The moderating role of the size of middle managers," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 125-138.
    25. Zhou, Xiaoxiao & Cai, Ziming & Tan, Kim Hua & Zhang, Linling & Du, Juntao & Song, Malin, 2021. "Technological innovation and structural change for economic development in China as an emerging market," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    26. Chao Zhou, 2021. "How Does Capital Intensity Affect the Relationship between Outward FDI and Productivity? Micro-evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Firms," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(14), pages 4004-4019, November.
    27. Peter Gomber & Jascha-Alexander Koch & Michael Siering, 2017. "Digital Finance and FinTech: current research and future research directions," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 87(5), pages 537-580, July.
    28. Acedo, Francisco J. & Jones, Marian V., 2007. "Speed of internationalization and entrepreneurial cognition: Insights and a comparison between international new ventures, exporters and domestic firms," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 236-252, September.
    29. Yan, Bing & Zhang, Yu & Shen, Yanzhi & Han, Jian, 2018. "Productivity, financial constraints and outward foreign direct investment: Firm-level evidence," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 47-64.
    30. Samuel Kortum & Josh Lerner, 2000. "Assessing the Contribution of Venture Capital to Innovation," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 31(4), pages 674-692, Winter.
    31. Kabongo, Jean D. & Okpara, John O., 2019. "Timing and speed of internationalization: Evidence from African banks," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 12-20.
    32. Alexander Mohr & Georgios Batsakis, 2017. "Internationalization Speed and Firm Performance: A Study of the Market-Seeking Expansion of Retail MNEs," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 57(2), pages 153-177, April.
    33. Li, Xin & Shao, Xuefeng & Chang, Tsangyao & Albu, Lucian Liviu, 2022. "Does digital finance promote the green innovation of China's listed companies?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    34. Inessa Love, 2003. "Financial Development and Financing Constraints: International Evidence from the Structural Investment Model," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 16(3), pages 765-791, July.
    35. Danchi Tan & Joseph T. Mahoney, 2005. "Examining the Penrose effect in an international business context: the dynamics of Japanese firm growth in US industries," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(2), pages 113-127.
    36. Claudia Buch & Iris Kesternich & Alexander Lipponer & Monika Schnitzer, 2014. "Financial constraints and foreign direct investment: firm-level evidence," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 150(2), pages 393-420, May.
    37. Zucchella, Antonella & Palamara, G. & Denicolai, S., 2007. "The drivers of the early internationalization of the firm," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 268-280, September.
    38. Zhang, Dongyang & Kong, Qunxi, 2022. "Credit policy, uncertainty, and firm R&D investment: A quasi-natural experiment based on the Green Credit Guidelines," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    39. Virgiliu Midrigan & Daniel Yi Xu, 2014. "Finance and Misallocation: Evidence from Plant-Level Data," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 104(2), pages 422-458, February.
    40. Qiuqin He & Minglin Wang & Clara Martínez-Fuentes, 2020. "Impact of corporate entrepreneurial strategy on firm performance in China," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 16(4), pages 1427-1444, December.
    41. Chan, Kenneth S. & Dang, Vinh Q.T. & Yan, Isabel K.M., 2012. "Financial reform and financing constraints: Some evidence from listed Chinese firms," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(2), pages 482-497.
    42. Neville, Conor & Lucey, Brian M., 2022. "Financing Irish high-tech SMEs: The analysis of capital structure," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    43. Tan, Hao & Mathews, John A., 2015. "Accelerated internationalization and resource leverage strategizing: The case of Chinese wind turbine manufacturers," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 50(3), pages 417-427.
    44. Mike W Peng & Denis Y L Wang & Yi Jiang, 2008. "An institution-based view of international business strategy: a focus on emerging economies," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 39(5), pages 920-936, July.
    45. Javalgi, Rajshekhar G. & White, D. Steven & Lee, Oscar, 2000. "Firm Characteristics Influencing Export Propensity: An Empirical Investigation by Industry Type," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 47(3), pages 217-228, March.
    46. Heiko Kirchhain & Jan Mutl & Joachim Zietz, 2020. "The Impact of Exogenous Shocks on House Prices: the Case of the Volkswagen Emissions Scandal," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 60(4), pages 587-610, May.
    47. Adomako, Samuel & Frimpong, Kwabena & Danso, Albert & Amankwah-Amoah, Joseph & Uddin, Moshfique & Kesse, Kwabena, 2020. "Home country institutional impediments and international expansion of developing country SMEs," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(5).
    48. Chetty, Sylvie & Johanson, Martin & Martín Martín, Oscar, 2014. "Speed of internationalization: Conceptualization, measurement and validation," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 49(4), pages 633-650.
    49. Hutzschenreuter, Thomas & Horstkotte, Julian, 2013. "Performance effects of international expansion processes: The moderating role of top management team experiences," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 259-277.
    50. Ozili, Peterson Kitakogelu, 2018. "Impact of Digital Finance on Financial Inclusion and Stability," MPRA Paper 84771, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    51. George R. G. Clarke & Lixin Colin Xu & Heng‐fu Zou, 2006. "Finance and Income Inequality: What Do the Data Tell Us?," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 72(3), pages 578-596, January.
    52. Zhou, Chao, 2023. "Home country environment and the downside risk implications of multinationality: Empirical evidence from Chinese SMEs," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    53. Chen, Shengqi & Zhang, Hong, 2021. "Does digital finance promote manufacturing servitization: Micro evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 856-869.
    54. Khan, Zaheer & Lew, Yong Kyu, 2018. "Post-entry survival of developing economy international new ventures: A dynamic capability perspective," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 149-160.
    55. Li, Jie & Wu, Yu & Xiao, Jing Jian, 2020. "The impact of digital finance on household consumption: Evidence from China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 317-326.
    56. Judy Hsu, 2016. "Firm Productivity and Mode of Foreign Expansion: Evidence from Taiwanese Manufacturing Firms," Global Economic Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(4), pages 405-415, October.
    57. Weerawardena, Jay & Mort, Gillian Sullivan & Liesch, Peter W. & Knight, Gary, 2007. "Conceptualizing accelerated internationalization in the born global firm: A dynamic capabilities perspective," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 294-306, September.
    58. Ziliang Deng & Ruey-Jer “Bryan” Jean & Rudolf R Sinkovics, 2018. "Rapid expansion of international new ventures across institutional distance," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 49(8), pages 1010-1032, October.
    59. Sea-Jin Chang & Jay Hyuk Rhee, 2011. "Rapid FDI expansion and firm performance," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 42(8), pages 979-994, October.
    60. Liu, Yang & Luan, Lin & Wu, Weilong & Zhang, Zhiqiang & Hsu, Yen, 2021. "Can digital financial inclusion promote China's economic growth?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    61. Xiang, Xiaojian & Liu, Chuanjiang & Yang, Mian, 2022. "Who is financing corporate green innovation?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 321-337.
    62. Bai, Caiquan & Yan, Hong & Yin, Shanggang & Feng, Chen & Wei, Qian, 2021. "Exploring the development trend of internet finance in China: Perspective from club convergence," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    63. José Ernesto Amorós & Rodrigo Basco & Gianni Romaní, 2016. "Determinants of early internationalization of new firms: the case of Chile," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 283-307, March.
    64. Zhou, Chao, 2022. "Global diversification, host-country environments, and corporate philanthropic giving: Evidence from Chinese multinational corporations," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    65. James Levinsohn & Amil Petrin, 2003. "Estimating Production Functions Using Inputs to Control for Unobservables," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 70(2), pages 317-341.
    66. Danchi Tan & Weichieh Su & Joseph T. Mahoney & Yasemin Kor, 2020. "A review of research on the growth of multinational enterprises: A Penrosean lens," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 51(4), pages 498-537, June.
    67. Lee, In & Shin, Yong Jae, 2018. "Fintech: Ecosystem, business models, investment decisions, and challenges," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 61(1), pages 35-46.
    68. Minetti, Raoul & Zhu, Susan Chun, 2011. "Credit constraints and firm export: Microeconomic evidence from Italy," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(2), pages 109-125, March.
    69. Yi, Changjun & Zhang, Jipeng & Zhan, Yun & Yan, Xiaojuan & Chen, Chusheng, 2021. "Internationalization speed and subsidiary survival of EMNCs: The moderating roles of CEO international experience and state ownership," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    70. Kabakova, Oksana & Plaksenkov, Evgeny, 2018. "Analysis of factors affecting financial inclusion: Ecosystem view," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 198-205.
    71. Hua Song & Yudong Yang & Zheng Tao, 2020. "How different types of financial service providers support small- and medium- enterprises under the impact of COVID-19 pandemic: from the perspective of expectancy theory," Frontiers of Business Research in China, Springer, vol. 14(1), pages 1-27, December.
    72. Luis Miguel Bolívar & José Luis Roldán & Ignacio Castro-Abancéns & Cristóbal Casanueva, 2022. "Speed of International Expansion: The Mediating Role of Network Resources Mobilisation," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 62(4), pages 541-568, August.
    73. Steven N. Kaplan & Luigi Zingales, 1997. "Do Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivities Provide Useful Measures of Financing Constraints?," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 112(1), pages 169-215.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rubina Romanello & Maria Chiarvesio, 2019. "Early internationalizing firms: 2004–2018," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 17(2), pages 172-219, June.
    2. Jan Johanson & Martin Johanson, 2021. "Speed and synchronization in foreign market network entry: A note on the revisited Uppsala model," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 52(8), pages 1628-1645, October.
    3. Sadeghi, Arash & Aliasghar, Omid & Bouguerra, Abderaouf, 2023. "Unpacking the relationship between post-entry speed of internationalization and export performance of SMEs: A capability-building perspective," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 29(1).
    4. Hitt, Michael A. & Li, Dan & Xu, Kai, 2016. "International strategy: From local to global and beyond," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 58-73.
    5. Georgios Batsakis & Vasilis Theoharakis, 2021. "Achieving the Paradox of Concurrent Internationalization Speed: Internationalizing Rapidly in Both Breadth and Depth," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 61(4), pages 429-467, August.
    6. Zhou, Chao, 2023. "Home country environment and the downside risk implications of multinationality: Empirical evidence from Chinese SMEs," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    7. Farhad Uddin Ahmed & Louis Brennan, 2021. "A review of methodological diversity within the domain of international entrepreneurship," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 19(2), pages 256-299, June.
    8. Jain, Naveen Kumar & Celo, Sokol & Kumar, Vikas, 2019. "Internationalization speed, resources and performance: Evidence from Indian software industry," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 26-37.
    9. Yi, Changjun & Zhang, Jipeng & Zhan, Yun & Yan, Xiaojuan & Chen, Chusheng, 2021. "Internationalization speed and subsidiary survival of EMNCs: The moderating roles of CEO international experience and state ownership," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    10. Cheng, Cong & Zhong, Huihui & Cao, Liebing, 2020. "Facilitating speed of internationalization: The roles of business intelligence and organizational agility," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 95-103.
    11. Bernhard Swoboda & Carolina Sinning, 2022. "Effects of Internationalization Rhythm and Speed on E-Commerce Firms’ Growth and the Role of Institutional Distances," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 62(2), pages 169-201, April.
    12. Aurora Teixeira & Cátia Coimbra, 2014. "The determinants of the internationalization speed of Portuguese university spin-offs: An empirical investigation," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 12(3), pages 270-308, September.
    13. Mikael Hilmersson & Roger Schweizer & Sylvie Chetty, 2022. "The Relationship Between Timing, Speed, and Performance in Foreign Market Network Entry," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 62(3), pages 325-349, June.
    14. Martin Johanson & Igor Kalinic, 2016. "Acceleration and Deceleration in the Internationalization Process of the Firm," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 56(6), pages 827-847, December.
    15. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Tang, Manting & Lee, Chi-Chuan, 2023. "Reaping digital dividends: Digital inclusive finance and high-quality development of enterprises in China," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(2).
    16. Oliveira, Luis & Johanson, Martin, 2021. "Trust and firm internationalization: Dark-side effects on internationalization speed and how to alleviate them," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 1-12.
    17. Ilya R. P. Cuypers & Charmi Patel & Gokhan Ertug & Jiatao Li & Youtha Cuypers, 2022. "Top management teams in international business research: A review and suggestions for future research," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 53(3), pages 481-515, April.
    18. García-García, Raquel & García-Canal, Esteban & Guillén, Mauro F., 2017. "Rapid internationalization and long-term performance: The knowledge link," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 97-110.
    19. Hsieh, Linda & Child, John & Narooz, Rose & Elbanna, Said & Karmowska, Joanna & Marinova, Svetla & Puthusserry, Pushyarag & Tsai, Terence & Zhang, Yunlu, 2019. "A multidimensional perspective of SME internationalization speed: The influence of entrepreneurial characteristics," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 28(2), pages 268-283.
    20. Luis Miguel Bolívar & José Luis Roldán & Ignacio Castro-Abancéns & Cristóbal Casanueva, 2022. "Speed of International Expansion: The Mediating Role of Network Resources Mobilisation," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 62(4), pages 541-568, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Digital finance; Post-entry internationalization speed; Financing constraint; Firm productivity; SME;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business
    • G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:finana:v:91:y:2024:i:c:s105752192300532x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/620166 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.