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Energy intensity and greenhouse gas emission of a purchase in the retail park service sector: An integrative approach

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  • Farreny, Ramon
  • Gabarrell, Xavier
  • Rieradevall, Joan

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to describe the energetic metabolism of a retail park service system under an integrative approach. Energy flow accounting was applied to a case study retail park in Spain, representative of the sector across Europe, after redefining the functional unit to account for both direct energy use (buildings, gardens and outdoor lighting) and indirect energy use (employee and customer transportation). A life cycle assessment (LCA) was then undertaken to determine energy global warming potential (GWP) and some energy intensity and greenhouse gases (GHG) emission indicators were defined and applied. The results emphasise the importance of service systems in global warming policies, as a potential emission of 9.26Â kg CO2/purchase was obtained for the case study, relating to a consumption of 1.64 KOE of energy, of which 21.9% was spent on buildings and 57.9% on customer transportation. Some strategies to reduce these emissions were considered: increased supply, energy efficiency, changes in distribution of modes of transport, changes in location and changes in the mix of land uses. A combination of all of these elements in a new retail park could reduce GHG emissions by more than 50%, as it is planning strategies, which seem to be the most effective.

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  • Farreny, Ramon & Gabarrell, Xavier & Rieradevall, Joan, 2008. "Energy intensity and greenhouse gas emission of a purchase in the retail park service sector: An integrative approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 1957-1968, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:36:y:2008:i:6:p:1957-1968
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    2. Montserrat Núñez & Jordi Oliver-Solà & Joan Rieradevall & Xavier Gabarrell, 2010. "Water Management in Integrated Service Systems: Accounting for Water Flows in Urban Areas," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(8), pages 1583-1604, June.
    3. Rowangould, Dana & Eldridge, Melody & Niemeier, Deb, 2013. "Incorporating regional growth into forecasts of greenhouse gas emissions from project-level residential and commercial development," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 1288-1300.
    4. Oliver-Solà, Jordi & Armero, Marina & de Foix, Blanca Martinez & Rieradevall, Joan, 2013. "Energy and environmental evaluation of municipal facilities: Case study in the province of Barcelona," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 920-930.
    5. Facchini, Angelo & Kennedy, Chris & Stewart, Iain & Mele, Renata, 2017. "The energy metabolism of megacities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(P2), pages 86-95.
    6. Ramon Farreny & Jordi Oliver-Solà & Marc Montlleó & Enric Escribà & Xavier Gabarrell & Joan Rieradevall, 2011. "Transition towards Sustainable Cities: Opportunities, Constraints, and Strategies in Planning. A Neighbourhood Ecodesign Case Study in Barcelona," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 43(5), pages 1118-1134, May.
    7. Zhang, Yan & Yang, Zhifeng & Fath, Brian D. & Li, Shengsheng, 2010. "Ecological network analysis of an urban energy metabolic system: Model development, and a case study of four Chinese cities," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 221(16), pages 1865-1879.

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