Challenges and strategies for managing end-of-life photovoltaic equipment in Brazil: Learning from international experience

Currently, there is a worldwide and ongoing process of implementation of solar photovoltaic energy (PV) systems worldwide, driven mainly by government incentives. In line with that tendency, an increase in the PV waste is assumed for the coming years – which, unless treated correctly, may cause environmental damage to human health. Because of that, the aim of this work is to identify challenges and strategies that can be adopted for the correct management of PV waste in Brazil, and to demonstrate how its adoption implies reaching sustainability. Methodologically, this study was based on a systematic review through the PRISMA method. Based on the analyzes, eight challenges to be overcome were identified (material design, infrastructure, and facilities; extant technology for recycling; behavioral issues; lack of incentive; economic unfeasibility; lack of information on the amount of PV waste; and absence of specific policies and regulations). Furthermore, nine possible strategies can be adopted to elaborate a more assertive management model (formation of partnerships; adherence to Extended Producer Responsibility; appreciation of the PV recycling market; creation of awareness programs; investment in Research and Development; creation of circular economies; financial incentives; development of a tracking system; and elaboration of specific regulations).