IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eco/journ2/2020-04-19.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Profit Decomposition: Analyzing the Pathway from Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction to Revenues and Costs

Author

Listed:
  • Andewi Rokhmawati

    (The Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Riau, Kampus Bina Widya, Riau, Indonesia.)

Abstract

In 2009, the Indonesian Government has introduced regulation on reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emission known as energy management to follow up its commitment to reduce CO2 emission that was ratified in the Kyoto protocol. The regulation mandates companies in Indonesia which consumed more than 6000-tonne of oil equivalent (TOE). The obligation to reduce CO2 emission has an implication to the companies that the company has to implement strategies incorporating an expensive investment. Through investment, the company s sales are expected to increase and costs are expected to decrease. Several conceptual frameworks have been developed to identify through which pathway CO2 emission reduction can gain profits for companies but a little study (if any) has been done to analyze the pathways of CO2 emission reduction that can improve companies profits. This study aims to examine the pathway of CO2 emission reductions to the profits generated by revenues and costs. The purposive sampling method was used to obtain data from 384 companies that consumed 6000- TOE from 2016-2017 in Indonesia. The multiple regression analysis with ordinary least square was used to analyze their relationship. The results showed that in the case of Indonesia, the CO2 emission reduction can generate profits through both pathways namely revenue improvement and cost-efficiency. The increase in revenues and decrease in cost are due to their ability to meet customers interests, the positive responses of stakeholders in compliance with the regulation to reduce CO2 emissions, and the investment of environmentally friendly machinery.

Suggested Citation

  • Andewi Rokhmawati, 2020. "Profit Decomposition: Analyzing the Pathway from Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction to Revenues and Costs," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(4), pages 150-160.
    • Handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2020-04-19
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/download/9346/5112
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/view/9346/5112
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Paul Lanoie, 2008. "When And Why Does It Pay To Be Green?," CIRANO Papers 2008n-02a, CIRANO.
    2. Stern,Nicholas, 2007. "The Economics of Climate Change," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521700801, September.
    3. Andrew A. King & Michael J. Lenox, 2001. "Does It Really Pay to Be Green? An Empirical Study of Firm Environmental and Financial Performance: An Empirical Study of Firm Environmental and Financial Performance," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 5(1), pages 105-116, January.
    4. Lei Wang & Steven Li & Simon Gao, 2014. "Do Greenhouse Gas Emissions Affect Financial Performance? – an Empirical Examination of Australian Public Firms," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(8), pages 505-519, December.
    5. Dietrich Earnhart & Ludomir Lizal, 2010. "The Effect of Corporate Environmental Performance on Financial Outcomes – Profits, Revenues and Costs: Evidence from the Czech Transition Economy," DRUID Working Papers 10-15, DRUID, Copenhagen Business School, Department of Industrial Economics and Strategy/Aalborg University, Department of Business Studies.
    6. Stuart L. Hart & Gautam Ahuja, 1996. "Does It Pay To Be Green? An Empirical Examination Of The Relationship Between Emission Reduction And Firm Performance," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 5(1), pages 30-37, March.
    7. Iwata, Hiroki & Okada, Keisuke, 2011. "How does environmental performance affect financial performance? Evidence from Japanese manufacturing firms," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(9), pages 1691-1700, July.
    8. G Capece & F Di Pillo & M Gastaldi & N Levialdi & M Miliacca, 2017. "Examining the effect of managing GHG emissions on business performance," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(8), pages 1041-1060, December.
    9. Andewi Rokhmawati & Nasti Weniagustin & Fitri Fitri & Haryetti Haryetti & Ifa Adina Yafiz, 2018. "Regulation of Reducing Carbon Emissions: Is It Effectively Implemented to Develop Competitiveness of Indonesian Manufacturing Firms?," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(6), pages 258-266.
    10. Andewi Rokhmawati & Ardi Gunardi & Matteo Rossi, 2017. "How Powerful is Your Customers Reaction to Carbon Performance? Linking Carbon and Firm Financial Performance," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 7(6), pages 85-95.
    11. Takashi Hatakeda & Katsuhiko Kokubu & Takehisa Kajiwara & Kimitaka Nishitani, 2012. "Factors Influencing Corporate Environmental Protection Activities for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions: The Relationship Between Environmental and Financial Performance," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 53(4), pages 455-481, December.
    12. Stefan Lewandowski, 2017. "Corporate Carbon and Financial Performance: The Role of Emission Reductions," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(8), pages 1196-1211, December.
    13. Hidemichi Fujii & Kazuyuki Iwata & Shinji Kaneko & Shunsuke Managi, 2013. "Corporate Environmental and Economic Performance of Japanese Manufacturing Firms: Empirical Study for Sustainable Development," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(3), pages 187-201, March.
    14. repec:eco:journ2:2017-04-23 is not listed on IDEAS
    15. Robert D. Klassen & Curtis P. McLaughlin, 1996. "The Impact of Environmental Management on Firm Performance," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 42(8), pages 1199-1214, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Oliver I. Inah & Fidelis I. Abam & Bethrand N. Nwankwojike, 2022. "Exploring the CO2 emissions drivers in the Nigerian manufacturing sector through decomposition analysis and the potential of carbon tax (CAT) policy on CO2 mitigation," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-22, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Michiyuki Yagi & Shunsuke Managi, 2018. "Decomposition analysis of corporate carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emissions in Japan: Integrating corporate environmental and financial performances," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(8), pages 1476-1492, December.
    2. Tzouvanas, Panagiotis & Kizys, Renatas & Chatziantoniou, Ioannis & Sagitova, Roza, 2020. "Environmental and financial performance in the European manufacturing sector: An analysis of extreme tail dependency," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 52(6).
    3. Falko Paetzold & Timo Busch & Sebastian Utz & Anne Kellers, 2022. "Between impact and returns: Private investors and the sustainable development goals," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(7), pages 3182-3197, November.
    4. Sergio Manrique & Carmen-Pilar Martí-Ballester, 2017. "Analyzing the Effect of Corporate Environmental Performance on Corporate Financial Performance in Developed and Developing Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-30, October.
    5. Christoph Trumpp & Thomas Guenther, 2017. "Too Little or too much? Exploring U‐shaped Relationships between Corporate Environmental Performance and Corporate Financial Performance," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(1), pages 49-68, January.
    6. Stefan Lewandowski, 2017. "Corporate Carbon and Financial Performance: The Role of Emission Reductions," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(8), pages 1196-1211, December.
    7. Qingxia (Jenny) Wang, 2023. "Financial effects of carbon risk and carbon disclosure: A review," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(4), pages 4175-4219, December.
    8. Markus Hang & Jerome Geyer‐Klingeberg & Andreas W. Rathgeber, 2019. "It is merely a matter of time: A meta‐analysis of the causality between environmental performance and financial performance," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(2), pages 257-273, February.
    9. Suhong Li & Thomas Ngniatedema & Fang Chen, 2017. "Understanding the Impact of Green Initiatives and Green Performance on Financial Performance in the US," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(6), pages 776-790, September.
    10. Obey Dzomonda & Olawale Fatoki, 2020. "Environmental Sustainability Commitment and Financial Performance of Firms Listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-21, October.
    11. Ryo Aruga & Keiichi Goshima & Takashi Chiba, 2022. "CO2 Emissions and Corporate Performance: Japan's Evidence with Double Machine Learning," IMES Discussion Paper Series 22-E-01, Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan.
    12. Benkraiem, Ramzi & Dubocage, Emmanuelle & Lelong, Yann & Shuwaikh, Fatima, 2023. "The effects of environmental performance and green innovation on corporate venture capital," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    13. Rosa Maria Dangelico & Pierpaolo Pontrandolfo, 2015. "Being ‘Green and Competitive’: The Impact of Environmental Actions and Collaborations on Firm Performance," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(6), pages 413-430, September.
    14. Surender Kumar & Pritika Dua, 2022. "Environmental management practices and financial performance: evidence from large listed Indian enterprises," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 65(1), pages 37-61, January.
    15. Włodarczyk, Aneta & Szczepańska-Woszczyna, Katarzyna & Urbański, Mariusz, 2024. "Carbon and financial performance nexus of the heavily polluting companies in the context of resource management during COVID-19 period," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    16. Lee, Ki-Hoon & Min, Byung & Yook, Keun-Hyo, 2015. "The impacts of carbon (CO2) emissions and environmental research and development (R&D) investment on firm performance," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 1-11.
    17. Patrizia Fanasch, 2019. "Survival of the fittest: The impact of eco‐certification and reputation on firm performance," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(4), pages 611-628, May.
    18. Michael Dobler & Kaouthar Lajili & Daniel Zéghal, 2014. "Environmental Performance, Environmental Risk and Risk Management," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(1), pages 1-17, January.
    19. Ruiqian Li & Ramakrishnan Ramanathan, 2018. "Impacts of Industrial Heterogeneity and Technical Innovation on the Relationship between Environmental Performance and Financial Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-25, May.
    20. Francesca Di Pillo & Massimo Gastaldi & Nathan Levialdi & Michela Miliacca, 2017. "Environmental Performance Versus Economic-financial Performance: Evidence from Italian Firms," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 7(2), pages 98-108.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    CO 2 emissions; costs; decomposition; profit; revenues.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q48 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Government Policy
    • Q51 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Valuation of Environmental Effects
    • G3 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2020-04-19. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Ilhan Ozturk (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.econjournals.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.