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Impacts of Jobs Requiring Close Physical Proximity and High Interaction with the Public on U.S. Industry Employment Change During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Gabe Todd

    (University of Maine, Schoolof Economics, 5782 Winslow Hall, Orono04469, Maine, USA)

  • Florida Richard

    (University of Toronto, Rotman School of Management, Toronto, Ontario, Canada)

Abstract

This paper examines the factors affecting U.S. industry employment change in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that the percentage of industry employment in occupations that require close physical proximity has a negative effect on year-over-year employment change in the six months of April through September of 2020. On the other hand, the percentage of industry employment in jobs that involve high interaction with the public has a negative effect on year-over-year employment change in April and May, but not in the months of June to September. These different results related to physical proximity and interaction with the public are driven, in part, by the uneven impacts of COVID-19 on hospitality and retail businesses.

Suggested Citation

  • Gabe Todd & Florida Richard, 2021. "Impacts of Jobs Requiring Close Physical Proximity and High Interaction with the Public on U.S. Industry Employment Change During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 21(3), pages 1163-1172, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:bpj:bejeap:v:21:y:2021:i:3:p:1163-1172:n:2
    DOI: 10.1515/bejeap-2021-0052
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Simon Mongey & Laura Pilossoph & Alex Weinberg, 2020. "Which Workers Bear the Burden of Social Distancing Policies?," Working Papers 2020-51, Becker Friedman Institute for Research In Economics.
    3. Bruno Carvalho & Susana Peralta & Joao Pereira dos Santos, 2020. "What and how did people buy during the Great Lockdown? Evidence from electronic payments," Working Papers ECARES 2020-20, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    4. Dingel, Jonathan I. & Neiman, Brent, 2020. "How many jobs can be done at home?," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    5. Alexander W. Bartik & Marianne Bertrand & Feng Lin & Jesse Rothstein & Matthew Unrath, 2020. "Measuring the Labor Market at the Onset of the COVID-19 Crisis," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 51(2 (Summer), pages 239-268;316.
    6. Simon Mongey & Laura Pilossoph & Alexander Weinberg, 2021. "Which workers bear the burden of social distancing?," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 19(3), pages 509-526, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gabe, Todd, 2021. "Impacts of COVID-19 on Coastal Tourism in Maine: Evidence from Bar Harbor," MPRA Paper 108180, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Min-Yen Chang & Yi-Sheng Hsu & Han-Shen Chen, 2021. "Choice Experiment Method for Sustainable Tourism in Theme Parks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Gabe, Todd & Diodato, William, 2021. "Maine Employment Change in 2020: Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic," MPRA Paper 106930, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Richard Florida & Todd Gabe, 2023. "COVID-19, the New Urban Crisis, and Cities: How COVID-19 Compounds the Influence of Economic Segregation and Inequality on Metropolitan Economic Performance," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 37(4), pages 328-348, November.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; U.S. industry employment change; occupations; physical proximity; public interaction;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L83 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Sports; Gambling; Restaurants; Recreation; Tourism
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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