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The transmission of unconventional monetary policy to bank credit supply: Evidence from the TLTRO

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  • António Afonso
  • Joana Sousa‐Leite

Abstract

We assess the transmission of the Targeted Longer‐Term Refinancing Operations (TLTRO) to the bank credit supply for the Euro area (2014–2017) and for Portugal (2011:02–2018:01), using a panel data setup. In order to estimate a causal effect, we construct an instrumental variable (IV) using the maximum borrowing allowance in the TLTRO. For the Euro area, we find a positive impact of the TLTRO on the amount of credit granted to the real economy, in particular in the less vulnerable countries. For Portugal, using a difference‐in‐differences model, we find that bidding banks set lower interest rates in relation to non‐bidding banks and the difference seems to be larger in 2016 and 2017.

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  • António Afonso & Joana Sousa‐Leite, 2020. "The transmission of unconventional monetary policy to bank credit supply: Evidence from the TLTRO," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 88(S1), pages 151-171, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:manchs:v:88:y:2020:i:s1:p:151-171
    DOI: 10.1111/manc.12335
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    4. Volk, Matjaž, 2024. "The transmission of targeted monetary policy to bank credit supply," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 104-112.
    5. António Afonso & M. Carmen Blanco-Arana, 2021. "Unemployment and financial development: evidence for OECD countries," Working Papers REM 2021/0204, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, REM, Universidade de Lisboa.
    6. Marie Finnegan & Supriya Kapoor, 2023. "ECB unconventional monetary policy and SME access to finance," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 61(3), pages 1253-1288, October.
    7. Laine, Olli-Matti, 2019. "The effect of TLTRO-II on bank lending," Research Discussion Papers 7/2019, Bank of Finland.
    8. Laine, Olli-Matti, 2022. "Evidence about the transmission of monetary policy," Bank of Finland Scientific Monographs, Bank of Finland, volume 0, number e53, July.
    9. Sharon Lai & Kevin Lane & Laura Nunn, 2022. "The Term Funding Facility: Has It Encouraged Business Lending?," RBA Research Discussion Papers rdp2022-07, Reserve Bank of Australia.
    10. António Afonso & Nuno Verdial, 2019. "Sovereign debt crisis in Portugal and in Spain," Working Papers REM 2019/0112, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, REM, Universidade de Lisboa.
    11. Ruishi Jiang & Jia Ruan, 2023. "Does Direct Monetary Policy Affect the Supply of Bank Credit to Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises? An Analysis Based on Chinese Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-19, July.
    12. Dwyer, Gerald P. & Gilevska, Biljana & Nieto, Maria J. & Samartín, Margarita, 2023. "The effects of the ECB’s unconventional monetary policies from 2011 to 2018 on banking assets," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    13. Emilie Da Silva & Vincent Grossmann-Wirth & Benoit Nguyen & Miklos Vari, 2021. "Paying Banks to Lend? Evidence from the Eurosystem's TLTRO and the Euro Area Credit Registry," Working papers 848, Banque de France.
    14. Afonso, António & Jalles, João Tovar & Kazemi, Mina, 2020. "The effects of macroeconomic, fiscal and monetary policy announcements on sovereign bond spreads," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    15. Claudia Kwapil & Kilian Rieder, 2021. "The effects of the monetary policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic: preliminary evidence from a pilot study using Austrian bank-level data," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q4/20-Q1/, pages 131-152.
    16. Bednarek, Peter & Dinger, Valeriya & Kaat, Daniel Marcel te & Westernhagen, Natalja von, 2021. "To whom do banks channel central bank funds?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    17. Andreeva, Desislava C. & García-Posada, Miguel, 2021. "The impact of the ECB's targeted long-term refinancing operations on banks’ lending policies: The role of competition," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    18. Mujtaba Zia & Jennifer Logan, 2021. "Bank Revolving Credit as a Channel of Monetary Policy," The Review of Finance and Banking, Academia de Studii Economice din Bucuresti, Romania / Facultatea de Finante, Asigurari, Banci si Burse de Valori / Catedra de Finante, vol. 13(2), pages 147-160, December.
    19. John Kandrac, 2021. "Can the Federal Reserve Effectively Target Main Street? Evidence from the 1970s Recession," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021-061, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    20. António Afonso & Jorge Braga Ferreira, 2024. "Bank’s risk-taking channel of monetary policy and TLTRO: Evidence from the Eurozone," Working Papers REM 2024/0320, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, REM, Universidade de Lisboa.
    21. António Afonso & Francisco Gomes Pereira, 2022. "Unconventional Monetary Policy in the Euro Area. Impacts on Loans, Employment, and Investment," Working Papers REM 2022/0218, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, REM, Universidade de Lisboa.
    22. Florian B¨oser & Chiara Colesanti Senni, 2021. "CAROs: Climate Risk-Adjusted Refinancing Operations," CER-ETH Economics working paper series 21/354, CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research (CER-ETH) at ETH Zurich.
    23. Chiara Colesanti Senni & Maria Sole Pagliari & Jens van ‘t Klooster, 2023. "The CO2 content of the TLTRO III scheme and its greening," Working Papers 792, DNB.
    24. Laine, Olli-Matti & Nelimarkka, Jaakko, 2023. "Assessing targeted longer-term refinancing operations: Identification through search intensity," Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 13/2023, Bank of Finland.
    25. Naiborhu, Elis Deriantino & Ulfa, Dhanita, 2023. "The lending implication of a funding for lending scheme policy during COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Indonesia Banks," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 1059-1069.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • C87 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Econometric Software
    • E50 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - General
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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