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Spot the Difference: Differentiated Co‐operation and Differentiated Integration in the European Union

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  • Stephan Klose
  • Elie Perot
  • Sevgi Temizisler

Abstract

The concept of differentiated integration (DI) has spawned a wide‐ranging research agenda that has significantly advanced scholarly understanding of the complex and often uneven process of European integration. Discussions about DI have suffered, however, from conceptual stretching as DI has been applied to an increasing number of EU policy areas, including those that function on the basis of intergovernmental co‐operation rather than supranational integration. To address this problem, we propose to distinguish between DI and differentiated co‐operation (DC) as two subtypes of differentiation, depending on whether such a phenomenon occurs in a policy area that operates along the lines of integration or co‐operation respectively. We illustrate the usefulness of this conceptualization by applying it to the cases of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) and the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ). We conclude by highlighting avenues for further research that the distinction between DI and DC suggests.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephan Klose & Elie Perot & Sevgi Temizisler, 2023. "Spot the Difference: Differentiated Co‐operation and Differentiated Integration in the European Union," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(1), pages 259-276, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jcmkts:v:61:y:2023:i:1:p:259-276
    DOI: 10.1111/jcms.13370
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Frank Schimmelfennig & Thomas Winzen, 2014. "Instrumental and Constitutional Differentiation in the European Union," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(2), pages 354-370, March.
    2. Sartori, Giovanni, 1970. "Concept Misformation in Comparative Politics," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 64(4), pages 1033-1053, December.
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