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Isolation of Antisnake Venom Agents from Azadirachta Indica (A. Juss) Leaf Extracts

Author

Listed:
  • Ibrahim Sani*

    (Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Nigeria)

  • Rabi’u Aliyu Umar

    (Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria)

  • Sanusi Wara Hassan

    (Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria)

  • Umar Zaki Faruq

    (Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria)

  • Fatima Bello

    (Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Nigeria)

Abstract

Phytochemicals with protein binding properties, active against snake envenomation such as flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, xanthenes, quinonoids, steroids and alkaloids bind to toxic venom proteins thereby inactivating them. This research was aimed at isolating antisnake venom agents from Azadirachta indica leaf extracts using activity-guided isolation protocols. A. indica leaf was collected, authenticated and extracted using methanol followed by solvent-fractionation using hexane and ethylacetate. These fractions were further separated using column and thin-layer chromatography. The pooled chromatographic fractions were screened for the antivenom activity using Naja nigricollis venom phospholipase A2 (NVPLA2) inhibition assay and albino rat models. Polyvalent serum-based antivenin was used as standard. The column chromatography of the A. indica leaf hexane and ethylacetate extracts yielded sixty (60) and sixty nine (69) fractions. Based on similarities on the TLC profiles, fractions were pooled. Eleven (11) pooled hexane fractions (PHFs) and fourteen (14) pooled ethylacetate fractions (PEFs) were obtained. After antivenom activity screening, pooled hexane fraction 3 (PHF3) and pooled ethylacetate fraction 1B (PEF1B) from the hexane and ethylacetate fractions respectively protected envenomed albino rats from death at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. against 0.8 mg/kg b.w. of N. nigricollis venom. Hence, these findings suggest that the isolated active compounds can serve as leads for the development of safe, readily available and affordable plant-based antivenoms.

Suggested Citation

  • Ibrahim Sani* & Rabi’u Aliyu Umar & Sanusi Wara Hassan & Umar Zaki Faruq & Fatima Bello, 2020. "Isolation of Antisnake Venom Agents from Azadirachta Indica (A. Juss) Leaf Extracts," Academic Journal of Chemistry, Academic Research Publishing Group, vol. 5(2), pages 10-16, 02-2020.
    • Handle: RePEc:arp:ajcarp:2020:p:10-16
    DOI: 10.32861/ajc.52.10.16
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