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Health insurance coverage of immigrants living in the United States: Differences by citizenship status and country of origin

Author

Listed:
  • Carrasquillo, O.
  • Carrasquillo, A.I.
  • Shea, S.

Abstract

Objectives. This study examined health insurance coverage among immigrants who are not US citizens and among individuals from the 16 countries with the largest number of immigrants living in the United States. Methods. We analyzed data from the 1998 Current Population Survey, using logistic regression to standardize rates of employer-sponsored coverage by country of origin. Results. In 1997, 16.7 million immigrants were not US citizens. Among noncitizens, 43% of children and 12% of elders lacked health insurance, compared with 14% of nonimmigrant children and 1% of nonimmigrant elders. Approximately 50% of noncitizen full-time workers had employer- sponsored coverage, compared with 81% of nonimmigrant full-time workers. Immigrants from Guatemala, Mexico, El Salvador, Haiti, Korea, and Vietnam were the most likely to be uninsured. Among immigrants who worked full time, sociodemographic and employment characteristics accounted for most of the variation in employer health insurance. For Central American immigrants, legal status may play a role in high uninsurance rates. Conclusions. Immigrants who are not US citizens are much less likely to receive employer- sponsored health insurance or government coverage; 44% are uninsured. Ongoing debates on health insurance reform and efforts to improve coverage will need to focus attention on this group.

Suggested Citation

  • Carrasquillo, O. & Carrasquillo, A.I. & Shea, S., 2000. "Health insurance coverage of immigrants living in the United States: Differences by citizenship status and country of origin," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 90(6), pages 917-923.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2000:90:6:917-923_0
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    Cited by:

    1. Rohitha Goonatilake & Susantha Herath, 2016. "The Economy of Healthcare: Disparity of Insured/Uninsured Profiles among European Immigrants in the United States," Eurasian Journal of Social Sciences, Eurasian Publications, vol. 4(1), pages 1-9.
    2. Nakphong, Michelle K. & De Trinidad Young, Maria-Elena & Morales, Brenda & Guzman-Ruiz, Iris Y. & Chen, Lei & Kietzman, Kathryn G., 2022. "Social exclusion at the intersections of immigration, employment, and healthcare policy: A qualitative study of Mexican and Chinese immigrants in California," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    3. Choi, Jin Young, 2009. "Contextual effects on health care access among immigrants: Lessons from three ethnic communities in Hawaii," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(8), pages 1261-1271, October.
    4. Marcella Alsan & Crystal S. Yang, 2024. "Fear and the Safety Net: Evidence from Secure Communities," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 106(6), pages 1427-1441, November.
    5. Siddiqi, Arjumand & Zuberi, Daniyal & Nguyen, Quynh C., 2009. "The role of health insurance in explaining immigrant versus non-immigrant disparities in access to health care: Comparing the United States to Canada," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(10), pages 1452-1459, November.
    6. Christal Hamilton & Claire Altman & James Bachmeier & Cody Spence, 2022. "Legal status and health disparities: An examination of health insurance coverage among the foreign-born," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 47(16), pages 453-488.
    7. Daysal, N. Meltem, 2012. "Does uninsurance affect the health outcomes of the insured? Evidence from heart attack patients in California," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(4), pages 545-563.
    8. Gabriel R. Sanchez & Shannon Sanchez-Youngman, 2013. "“The Politics of the HealthCare Reform Debate: Public Support of Including Undocumented Immigrants and Their Children in Reform Efforts in the U.S.”," International Migration Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(2), pages 442-473, June.
    9. Catalina Amuedo‐Dorantes & Crystal Zhan, 2021. "The determinants of immigrant health insurance in the United States: Understanding the role of health care in origin societies," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(6), pages 1498-1516, June.
    10. Liliana Meza González & Carla Pederzini Villarreal, 2022. "Trabajadores procedentes del Triángulo Norte de Centroamérica en México: análisis de su integración laboral/Workers from the Northern Triangle of Central America in Mexico: Analysis of their labo," Estudios Económicos, El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Económicos, vol. 37(2), pages 233-283.
    11. Levchenko, Yuliana, 2021. "Aging into disadvantage: Disability crossover among Mexican immigrants in America," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    12. Jeffrey T. Howard & P. Johnelle Sparks, 2016. "The Effects of Allostatic Load on Racial/Ethnic Mortality Differences in the United States," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 35(4), pages 421-443, August.
    13. John, Dolly A. & de Castro, A.B. & Martin, Diane P. & Duran, Bonnie & Takeuchi, David T., 2012. "Does an immigrant health paradox exist among Asian Americans? Associations of nativity and occupational class with self-rated health and mental disorders," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(12), pages 2085-2098.
    14. Jang, Sou Hyun, 2016. "First-generation Korean immigrants’ barriers to healthcare and their coping strategies in the US," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 93-100.
    15. Irma Elo & Neil Mehta & Cheng Huang, 2011. "Disability Among Native-born and Foreign-born Blacks in the United States," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 48(1), pages 241-265, February.
    16. Bousmah, Marwân-al-Qays & Combes, Jean-Baptiste Simon & Abu-Zaineh, Mohammad, 2019. "Health differentials between citizens and immigrants in Europe: A heterogeneous convergence," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 123(2), pages 235-243.
    17. Claire E. Altman & Christal Hamilton & James D. Bachmeier & Cody Spence, 2023. "Medicaid Health Insurance Coverage Among the Foreign-Born Following ACA Implementation: Disparities by Migration Status," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 42(4), pages 1-32, August.
    18. Younsook Yeo, 2017. "Healthcare inequality issues among immigrant elders after neoliberal welfare reform: empirical findings from the United States," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 18(5), pages 547-565, June.

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