Economic Institution Rankings at IDEAS

This file is part of IDEAS, which uses RePEc data

Top 5% Economic Institutions, as of April 2008

h, where author has written h papers that have each been cited at least h times. For institutions or regions, h, where h authors have an HIndex of h or more, ties resolved by number of citations needed to reach next h

Only authors registered with the RePEc Author Service are considered.
Only works listed on RePEc and claimed as theirs by registered authors are counted.
Number of downloads in the past 12 months (May 2007-April 2008) from the various RePEc sites (IDEAS, EconPapers, Socionet, NEP). For details, see LogEc.
Authors are attributed equally and fully to each institution they claimed to be affiliated with.
Only institutions listed in EDIRC are counted.
Authors affiliated with subentities of institutions listed in EDIRC are also counted in the latter.
Subentities of ranked institutions do not increment the rank count and have their rank listed in parentheses

This ranking is based on 3694 institutions with 16281 registered authors.

Same ranking by individual authors or countries and states. All institution rankings. More rankings.

The data presented here is experimental. It is based on a limited sample of the research output in Economics and Finance. Only material catalogued in RePEc is considered. For any citation based criterion, only works that could be parsed by the CitEc project are considered. For any ranking of people, only those registered with the RePEc Author Service can be taken into account. And for rankings of institutions, only those listed in EDIRC and claimed as affiliation by the respective, registered authors can be measured. Thus, this list is by no means based on a complete sample. You can help making this more comprehensive by encouraging more publications to be listed (instructions) and more authors to register (form). For more details on the various rankings that are available as well for documentation, follow this link.

Rank	Institution	Location	Score	Authors
1	National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)	Cambridge, Massachusetts (USA)	520303	297
2	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)	London, United Kingdom	311464	243
3	Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA)	Bonn, Germany	285439	383
4	Department of Economics, Harvard University	Cambridge, Massachusetts (USA)	133444	44
5	World Bank Group	Washington, District of Columbia (USA)	109080	131
6	CESifo	München, Germany	90283	99
7	International Monetary Fund (IMF)	Washington, District of Columbia (USA)	81782	153
8	Department of Economics, Princeton University	Princeton, New Jersey (USA)	75627	42
9	London School of Economics (LSE), University of London	London, United Kingdom	74265	128
10	DIW Berlin (Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung)	Berlin, Germany	66382	108
11	Department of Economics, Oxford University	Oxford, United Kingdom	66338	119
12	Department of Economics, University of California-Berkeley	Berkeley, California (USA)	61175	34
13	Department of Economics, New York University	New York City, New York (USA)	60043	39
14	Department of Economics, University of Chicago	Chicago, Illinois (USA)	53058	26
15	Tinbergen Instituut	Amsterdam, Netherlands	52592	56
16	Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago	Chicago, Illinois (USA)	51485	35
17	Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University	Cambridge, Massachusetts (USA)	50130	35
(17)	Economics Research, World Bank Group	Washington, District of Columbia (USA)	49522	36
18	Economics Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)	Cambridge, Massachusetts (USA)	49351	29
19	Faculteit der Economische Wetenschappen en Bedrijfskunde, Vrije Universiteit	Amsterdam, Netherlands	44659	54
20	Federal Reserve Board (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System)	Washington, District of Columbia (USA)	42785	59
21	Graduate School of Business, Columbia University	New York City, New York (USA)	41721	36
22	Department of Economics, School of Arts and Sciences, Columbia University	New York City, New York (USA)	41284	34
23	Rimini Center for Economic Analysis (RCEA)	Rimini, Italy	40631	74
24	Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (USA)	39755	46
25	European Central Bank	Frankfurt am Main, Germany	38734	86
26	Department of Economics, Boston College	Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts (USA)	38678	31
27	Hoover Institution on War Revolution & Peace, Stanford University	Palo Alto, California (USA)	38378	13
28	Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS)	London, United Kingdom	38375	38
29	Economics Department, Brown University	Providence, Rhode Island (USA)	35831	33
30	Stern School of Business, New York University	New York City, New York (USA)	34673	32
31	Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge	Cambridge, United Kingdom	33664	41
32	Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfskunde, Universiteit van Amsterdam	Amsterdam, Netherlands	32876	65
33	Department of Economics, University of Warwick	Coventry, United Kingdom	32801	60
34	Department of Economics, Boston University	Boston, Massachusetts (USA)	32639	43
(34)	Finance & Economics Department, Graduate School of Business, Columbia University	New York City, New York (USA)	32293	21
35	Toulouse School of Economics (TSE)	Toulouse, France	32242	69
36	Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (USA)	31794	30
(36)	Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), London School of Economics (LSE), University of London	London, United Kingdom	31629	38
37	Harvard Business School, Harvard University	Cambridge, Massachusetts (USA)	31319	22
38	Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques (OCDE)	Paris, France	31263	82
39	Department of Economics, University of California-San Diego (UCSD)	La Jolla, California (USA)	31254	34
40	Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis	Minneapolis, Minnesota (USA)	31130	20
41	CentER for Economic Research, Universiteit van Tilburg (Katholieke Universiteit Brabant)	Tilburg, Netherlands	30874	78
42	Department of Economics, University College London, University of London	London, United Kingdom	30669	37
43	Paris-Jourdan Sciences Économiques (PSE), École Normale Supérieure	Paris, France	30314	52
44	Department of Economics, Stanford University	Palo Alto, California (USA)	30235	30
45	Centre for Household, Income, Labour and Demographic Economics (CHILD)	Torino, Italy	30221	51
46	Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University	New Haven, Connecticut (USA)	29449	17
47	William Davidson Institute, University of Michigan	Ann Arbor, Michigan (USA)	28709	23
48	Faculteit der Economische Wetenschappen, Erasmus Universiteit	Rotterdam, Netherlands	28529	56
49	Economics Department, Yale University	New Haven, Connecticut (USA)	27945	27
(49)	Economics Department, London School of Economics (LSE), University of London	London, United Kingdom	27668	43
50	Max-Planck-Institut für Ökonomik, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft	Jena, Germany	26476	49
51	Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research (IGIER), Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi	Milano, Italy	26307	30
52	Federal Reserve Bank of New York	New York City, New York (USA)	25375	51
53	Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakutät, Universität Zürich	Zürich, Switzerland	25155	34
54	Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco	San Francisco, California (USA)	24810	25
(54)	Institut d'Économie Industrielle (IDEI), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE)	Toulouse, France	24724	24
55	Department of Economics, Duke University	Durham, North Carolina (USA)	24593	29
56	Economics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison	Madison, Wisconsin (USA)	24561	19
57	Department of Economics, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA)	Los Angeles, California (USA)	24313	33
58	Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis	St. Louis, Missouri (USA)	24176	30
59	Departament d'Economia i Empresa, Universitat Pompeu Fabra	Barcelona, Spain	23988	44
60	Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem	Jerusalem, Israel	23791	23
(60)	Research and Statistics Group, Federal Reserve Bank of New York	New York City, New York (USA)	23383	46
(60)	Afdeling Ruimtelijke Economie, Faculteit der Economische Wetenschappen en Bedrijfskunde, Vrije Universiteit	Amsterdam, Netherlands	23303	17
(60)	Research Department, International Monetary Fund (IMF)	Washington, District of Columbia (USA)	23046	30
61	Department of Economics, Northwestern University	Evanston, Illinois (USA)	23035	24
62	Department of Economics, University of Toronto	Toronto, Canada	23016	52
(62)	Economic Research, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis	St. Louis, Missouri (USA)	22831	27
63	Department of Economics, University of Connecticut	Storrs, Connecticut (USA)	22788	49
64	United Nations University-Maastricht Economic Research Institute of Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT)	Maastricht, Netherlands	22758	39
65	Department of Economics, University of Minnesota	Minneapolis, Minnesota (USA)	22451	20
66	Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University	Princeton, New Jersey (USA)	21665	12
67	Kellogg Graduate School of Management, Northwestern University	Evanston, Illinois (USA)	21423	29
68	Faculteit der Economische Wetenschappen en Bedrijfskunde, Universiteit Maastricht	Maastricht, Netherlands	21261	49
69	Facultade de Ciencias Económicas e Empresariais, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela	Santiago de Compostela, Spain	21225	21
70	School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA), Columbia University	New York City, New York (USA)	21148	14
71	Walter A. Haas School of Business, University of California-Berkeley	Berkeley, California (USA)	21117	18
72	Departamento de Economía, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid	Madrid, Spain	20988	72
73	Department of Economics, University of Maryland	College Park, Maryland (USA)	20950	24
74	Centre d'Économie de la Sorbonne, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris I)	Paris, France	20740	105
75	Department of Economics, Washington University	St. Louis, Missouri (USA)	20709	19
(75)	Econometria, Facultade de Ciencias Económicas e Empresariais, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela	Santiago de Compostela, Spain	20388	13
76	Paris School of Economics	Paris, France	20214	65
77	Faculty of Business and Economics, Monash University	Clayton, Australia	20162	50
78	Facoltà di Economia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata"	Roma, Italy	20158	51
79	Graduate School of Business, Stanford University	Palo Alto, California (USA)	20019	20
(79)	Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis	Minneapolis, Minnesota (USA)	19766	13
80	Department of Economics, European University Institute	Firenze, Italy	19713	42
81	Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Humboldt-Universität	Berlin, Germany	19509	65
82	Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)	Cambridge, Massachusetts (USA)	19412	17
83	European Centre for Advanced Research in Economics and Statistics (ECARES), Université Libre de Bruxelles	Bruxelles, Belgium	19357	33
(83)	Economic Research, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco	San Francisco, California (USA)	19293	20
84	Economics Department, University of Michigan	Ann Arbor, Michigan (USA)	18936	30
85	Handelshögskolan i Stockholm	Stockholm, Sweden	18862	35
86	Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis (CAMA)		18838	32
87	Volkswirtschaftliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität	München, Germany	18758	28
88	Brookings Institution	Washington, District of Columbia (USA)	18708	12
(88)	Institut für Empirische Wirtschaftsforschung, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakutät, Universität Zürich	Zürich, Switzerland	18101	13
(88)	Economics Department, Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques (OCDE)	Paris, France	17942	38
(88)	Centre Emile Bernheim, Solvay Business School, Université Libre de Bruxelles	Bruxelles, Belgium	17034	46
88	Solvay Business School, Université Libre de Bruxelles	Bruxelles, Belgium	17034	46
90	Economics Department, Queen's University	Kingston, Canada	16939	47
91	Economics Department, Michigan State University	East Lansing, Michigan (USA)	16804	34
(91)	Center for International Development, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University	Cambridge, Massachusetts (USA)	16788	7
92	School of Economics, University of Nottingham	Nottingham, United Kingdom	16782	35
93	Centro Studi di Economia e Finanza (CSEF)	Fisciano, Italy	16651	27
94	IESE Business School, Universidad de Navarra	Pamplona, Spain	16373	10
95	Department of Economics, Iowa State University	Ames, Iowa (USA)	16360	35
96	Faculty of Economics and Commerce, University of Melbourne	Melbourne, Australia	16258	49
97	Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung, Universität St. Gallen	Sankt Gallen, Switzerland	16240	33
(97)	Economics Group, Nuffield College, Department of Economics, Oxford University	Oxford, United Kingdom	16203	25
98	Department of Economics, University of Southern California	Los Angeles, California (USA)	16179	11
99	Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER), University of Essex	Colchester, United Kingdom	16165	28
100	Universidad del CEMA	Buenos Aires, Argentina	16032	30
101	Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfskunde, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen	Groningen, Netherlands	16010	34
(101)	Finance Department, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (USA)	15874	21
102	Economics Department, University of California-Davis	Davis, California (USA)	15719	25
103	Sveriges Riksbank	Stockholm, Sweden	15522	21
104	Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Analyse des Organisations (CIRANO)	Montréal, Canada	15466	28
105	Economics Department, University of California-Santa Cruz (UCSC)	Santa Cruz, California (USA)	15451	14
106	Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York	York, United Kingdom	15308	25
107	Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE), Université Catholique de Louvain	Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium	15116	42
108	School of Management, Yale University	New Haven, Connecticut (USA)	15074	13
109	Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA)	Basel/Zürich, Switzerland	14994	6
110	Economics Department, Dartmouth College	Hanover, New Hampshire (USA)	14843	12
(110)	Department of Finance, Kellogg Graduate School of Management, Northwestern University	Evanston, Illinois (USA)	14827	10
(110)	Vakgroep Algemene Economie, Faculteit der Economische Wetenschappen en Bedrijfskunde, Universiteit Maastricht	Maastricht, Netherlands	14776	27
111	Department of Economics, University of British Columbia	Vancouver, Canada	14717	23
112	Laboratoire d'Économie et de Gestion (LEG), Université de Bourgogne	Dijon, France	14696	22
113	Institutet för Näringslivsforskning (IFN)	Stockholm, Sweden	14542	22
(113)	Economics Department, Stern School of Business, New York University	New York City, New York (USA)	14447	14
114	Faculteit der Economische Wetenschappen, Universiteit van Tilburg (Katholieke Universiteit Brabant)	Tilburg, Netherlands	14373	45
(114)	Finance Department, Stern School of Business, New York University	New York City, New York (USA)	14324	7
115	Geary Institute, University College Dublin	Dublin, Ireland	14174	7
116	Tepper School of Business Administration, Carnegie Mellon University	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (USA)	14154	14
117	Resources for the Future (RFF)	Washington, District of Columbia (USA)	14023	26
118	Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfswetenschappen, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven	Leuven, Belgium	13983	58
119	Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna	Bologna, Italy	13934	50
(119)	Centre for the Study of African Economies (CSAE), Department of Economics, Oxford University	Oxford, United Kingdom	13839	22
120	Banco de la Republica de Colombia	Bogotá, Colombia	13730	44
(120)	Sonderforschungsbereich 649: Ökonomisches Risiko, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Humboldt-Universität	Berlin, Germany	13721	40
(120)	Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique (CREST), Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), Government of France	Paris, France	13656	31
120	Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), Government of France	Paris, France	13656	31
122	Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna	Pisa, Italy	13654	28
123	Institute for International Integration Studies (IIIS), Trinity College, University of Dublin	Dublin, Ireland	13621	18
124	Department of Economics, Vanderbilt University	Nashville, Tennessee (USA)	13602	23
125	Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfskunde, Universiteit Gent	Gent, Belgium	13570	19
126	Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago	Chicago, Illinois (USA)	13437	17
127	College of Business, Arizona State University	Tempe, Arizona (USA)	13323	14
(127)	Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Commerce, University of Melbourne	Melbourne, Australia	13304	36
128	Department of Economics, University of Colorado	Boulder, Colorado (USA)	13173	20
129	Bank of Canada	Ottawa, Canada	12986	46
130	Faculty of Business, Queensland University of Technology	Brisbane, Australia	12984	17
131	Waikato Management School, University of Waikato	Hamilton, New Zealand	12886	21
(131)	Längschnittstudie Sozio-oekonomisches Panel (SOEP), DIW Berlin (Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung)	Berlin, Germany	12836	25
132	Department of Economics, Cornell University	Ithaca, New York (USA)	12772	24
(132)	Department of Economics, College of Business, Arizona State University	Tempe, Arizona (USA)	12691	12
133	American Bar Foundation (ABF)	Chicago, Illinois (USA)	12606	3
134	Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Économie Quantitative (CIREQ)	Montréal, Canada	12568	20
(134)	Finance Unit, Harvard Business School, Harvard University	Cambridge, Massachusetts (USA)	12534	5
(134)	Macroeconomics and Growth Research, World Bank Group	Washington, District of Columbia (USA)	12487	3
(134)	School of Economics and Finance, Faculty of Business, Queensland University of Technology	Brisbane, Australia	12483	16
135	School of Finance and Economics, University of Technology	Sydney, Australia	12399	29
136	Collegio Carlo Alberto	Moncalieri, Italy	12364	42
(136)	Financial Institutions Center, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (USA)	12294	7
137	Cambridge Finance, University of Cambridge	Cambridge, United Kingdom	12251	7
138	Banca d'Italia	Roma, Italy	12200	59
139	Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University	Tel Aviv, Israel	12076	13
140	Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI)	Barcelona, Spain	12034	9
141	Economics, University of Manchester	Manchester, United Kingdom	11894	23
142	Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR), Stanford University	Palo Alto, California (USA)	11871	6
143	Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Aziendali e Statistiche, Università degli Studi di Milano	Milano, Italy	11755	60
144	Faculté des sciences économiques, sociales et politiques (ESPO), Université Catholique de Louvain	Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium	11754	35
145	Fundación de Estudios de Economía Aplicada (FEDEA)	Madrid, Spain	11728	22
(145)	Aid Effectiveness Research, World Bank Group	Washington, District of Columbia (USA)	11720	3
146	Economics Program, Research School of Social Sciences (RSSS), Australian National University	Canberra, Australia	11717	22
147	Department of Population and International Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University	Cambridge, Massachusetts (USA)	11614	12
148	Department of Economics, University of Glasgow	Glasgow, United Kingdom	11565	28
149	School of Economics, University of Queensland	Brisbane, Australia	11538	37
150	Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre, Johannes-Kepler-Universität	Linz, Austria	11462	21
151	Department of Economics, University of California-Santa Barbara (UCSB)	Santa Barbara, California (USA)	11403	13
152	Dipartimento di Economia Politica, Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi	Milano, Italy	11388	15
153	Department of Economics, University of Western Ontario	London, Canada	11359	28
(153)	Policy Research Department, World Bank Group	Washington, District of Columbia (USA)	11216	8
(153)	Finance Group, Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfskunde, Universiteit van Amsterdam	Amsterdam, Netherlands	11195	6
(153)	Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines (STICERD), London School of Economics (LSE), University of London	London, United Kingdom	11194	18
154	Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität Hannover	Hannover, Germany	11155	37
155	Wirtschaftswissenschaftlicher Fachbereich, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität	Bonn, Germany	11137	26
(155)	Econometrisch Instituut, Faculteit der Economische Wetenschappen, Erasmus Universiteit	Rotterdam, Netherlands	11077	17
(155)	Economic Analysis & Policy Group (EAP), Walter A. Haas School of Business, University of California-Berkeley	Berkeley, California (USA)	11055	8
156	Centraal Planbureau (CPB), Government of the Netherlands	Den Haag, Netherlands	10968	26
157	Groupement de Recherche en Économie Quantitative d'Aix-Marseille (GREQAM)	Marseille, France	10926	32
158	Department of Economics, Royal Holloway, University of London	Egham, United Kingdom	10922	26
159	Economics Department, University of Essex	Colchester, United Kingdom	10885	27
160	School of Management & Languages, Heriot-Watt University	Edinburgh, United Kingdom	10868	11
161	Department of Economics, Rutgers University-New Brunswick	New Brunswick, New Jersey (USA)	10849	16
162	de Nederlandsche Bank	Amsterdam, Netherlands	10836	27
163	Department of Economics, University of California-Irvine	Irvine, California (USA)	10824	17
164	Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI)	Dublin, Ireland	10744	19
165	Département d'Économie Appliquée (DULBEA), Université Libre de Bruxelles	Bruxelles, Belgium	10488	26
166	Department of Economics, McMaster University	Hamilton, Canada	10441	33
167	Département d'Économique, Université Laval	Québec, Canada	10395	18
168	Fondazione ENI Enrico Mattei (FEEM)	Milano, Italy	10364	27
169	Department of Economics, Trinity College, University of Dublin	Dublin, Ireland	10354	12
170	Business School, University of Auckland	Auckland, New Zealand	10344	11
171	Økonomisk Institut, Københavns Universitet	København, Denmark	10328	25
172	Department of Economics, McGill University	Montréal, Canada	10257	27
173	Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University	Atlanta, Georgia (USA)	10247	18
174	Institut d'Anàlisi Econòmica (IAE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas	Barcelona, Spain	10246	18
175	Nationalekonomiska Institutionen, Uppsala Universitet	Uppsala, Sweden	10237	42
175	Deutsche Bundesbank	Frankfurt, Germany	10237	33
177	Economics Department, Georgetown University	Washington, District of Columbia (USA)	10159	24
178	Dipartimento di Economia "S. Cognetti de Martiis", Università degli Studi di Torino	Torino, Italy	10011	23
(178)	Economics Department, School of Management & Languages, Heriot-Watt University	Edinburgh, United Kingdom	9995	8
179	Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão (ISEG), Universidade Técnica de Lisboa	Lisboa, Portugal	9973	55
180	Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan	Stockholm, Sweden	9931	15
(180)	Department of Economics, Business School, University of Auckland	Auckland, New Zealand	9885	9
181	Department of Economics, Tufts University	Medford, Massachusetts (USA)	9851	18
182	Handelshøjskolen i Århus	Aarhus, Denmark	9812	31
183	Department of Economics, Leicester University	Leicester, United Kingdom	9697	25
184	SOM Research School, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen	Groningen, Netherlands	9679	20
185	Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD), Iowa State University	Ames, Iowa (USA)	9634	11

Credits:

Citations from CitEc project by José Manuel Barrueco Cruz, University of Valencia, Spain. Hardware provided by Technical University of Valencia, Spain.
Abstract views and downloads statistics from LogEc project by Sune Karlsson, Örebro University, Sweden.
Author registration by Ivan Kumanov, Minsk, Belarus.
Institutions database and ranking computations by Christian Zimmermann, University of Connecticut.
RePEc has been initiated by Thomas Krichel, Long Island University.

We do our best, but we cannot exclude errors.