Within Country and State Rankings at IDEAS: United Kingdom

This file is part of IDEAS, which uses RePEc data

Top 20% Institutions and Economists in United Kingdom, as of February 2006

These rankings take only into account institutions registered in EDIRC and authors registered with the RePEc Author Service and the institutions they claimed to be affiliated with. For United Kingdom, these are 915 authors affiliated with 196 institutions. Note that authors affiliated only with institutions in this region that are not listed in EDIRC cannot be ranked.
For the worldwide rankings, see here: top 5% authors or top 5% economics institutions.
Rankings in other regions
More rankings.
All institutions in this region.
The rankings below are aggregate rankings from 21 different ranking methods. See links above for details.

Top 20% institutions in United Kingdom

Please note that rankings can depend on the number of registered authors in the respective institutions. Register at the RePEc Author Service.

Rank	Institution
1.	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
2.	London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London
3.	Economics Department, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London
4.	Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London
5.	Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry
6.	Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London
7.	Department of Economics, Oxford University, Oxford
8.	Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
9.	Department of Economics, University College London, University of London, London
10.	Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York, York
11.	Economics Group, Nuffield College, Oxford University, Oxford
12.	School of Economics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
13.	Bank of England, London
14.	Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines (STICERD), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London
15.	School of Economics, Finance and Management, University of Bristol, Bristol
16.	Department of Economics, Birkbeck College, University of London, London
17.	Economics Division, University of Southampton, Southampton
18.	Department of Economics, University of St. Andrews, Fife
19.	Financial Markets Group (FMG), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London
20.	Department of Economics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
21.	School of Economic Studies, University of Manchester, Manchester
22.	Department of Economics, Leicester University, Leicester
23.	Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER), University of Essex, Colchester
24.	Centre for Market and Public Organisation (CMPO), University of Bristol, Bristol
25.	Economics Department, University of Essex, Colchester
26.	ESRC Centre for Fiscal Policy, Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London
27.	Business School, Brunel University, Uxbridge
28.	Department of Economics and Finance, Business School, Brunel University, Uxbridge
29.	Centre for Research on Globalisation and Economic Policy, School of Economics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
30.	Centre for the Study of African Economies (CSAE), Department of Economics, Oxford University, Oxford
31.	Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff
32.	Department of Applied Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
33.	Department of Economics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham
34.	London Business School (LBS), University of London, London
35.	Department of Economics, Queen Mary, University of London, London
36.	Economics Section, Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff
37.	Economics Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow
38.	School of Economics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
39.	Saïd Business School, Oxford University, Oxford

Top 20% authors in United Kingdom

This ranking is based on registered authors only, and only those who claimed some affiliation in this region, and this affiliation is listed in EDIRC. Authors can register at the RePEc Author Service.

Rank	Author	Affiliated with (in this region)
1.	Peter C. B. Phillips	Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York, York
2.	Richard B. Freeman	Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London
3.	M Hashem Pesaran	Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
4.	Stephen John Nickell	Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Economics Department, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Bank of England, London London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London
5.	Andrew Rose	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
6.	Gene Grossman	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
7.	David F. Hendry	Department of Economics, Oxford University, Oxford
8.	Timothy J. Besley	Economics Department, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines (STICERD), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
9.	Sergio T Rebelo	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
10.	Mark P. Taylor	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry
11.	Peter M. Robinson	Economics Department, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London
12.	Guido Tabellini	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
13.	David M Newbery	Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Department of Applied Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
14.	Anthony J. Venables	Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Economics Department, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
15.	Torsten Persson	Economics Department, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
16.	Andrew J. Oswald	Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry
17.	Ronald MacDonald	Department of Economics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
18.	Christopher A Pissarides	Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Economics Department, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
19.	Paul Klemperer	Economics Group, Nuffield College, Oxford University, Oxford
20.	Robert J. Gordon	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
21.	David A. Peel	Management School, Lancaster University, Lancaster
22.	J. Peter Neary	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
23.	Andrew Hughes Hallett	Department of Economics, University of St. Andrews, Fife Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
24.	Philip Lane	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
25.	Fabio Canova	Economics Division, University of Southampton, Southampton Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
26.	Stephen Machin	Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Department of Economics, University College London, University of London, London
27.	Tullio Jappelli	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
28.	Stephen P. Jenkins	Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER), University of Essex, Colchester
29.	Danny Quah	Economics Department, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London
30.	Gérard Roland	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
31.	Charles Blackorby	Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry
32.	Stijn Claessens	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
33.	Alan M. Taylor	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
34.	Costas Meghir	Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London Department of Economics, University College London, University of London, London ESRC Centre for Fiscal Policy, Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London
35.	John van Reenen	Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
36.	Bronwyn Hughes Hall	Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London
37.	Alan Manning	Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London
38.	Anthony Barnes Atkinson	Economics Group, Nuffield College, Oxford University, Oxford
39.	Dennis Snower	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London Department of Economics, Birkbeck College, University of London, London
40.	Orazio Attanasio	Department of Economics, University College London, University of London, London
41.	Gary Koop	Economics Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow
42.	Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
43.	James M Malcomson	Department of Economics, Oxford University, Oxford
44.	Stephen George Hall	Department of Economics, Leicester University, Leicester National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR), London
45.	Marcel Fafchamps	Department of Economics, Oxford University, Oxford Centre for the Study of African Economies (CSAE), Department of Economics, Oxford University, Oxford
46.	Jorn-Steffen Pischke	Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Economics Department, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London
47.	Larry S. Karp	Economics Division, University of Southampton, Southampton
48.	Raquel Fernandez	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
49.	Edward Nelson	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
50.	Seppo Mikko Sakari Honkapohja	Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
51.	Philippe Bacchetta	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
52.	Francis Kramarz	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
53.	Frederick (Rick) van der Ploeg	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
54.	Frank Rafael Smets	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
55.	Roger E. A. Farmer	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
56.	Paolo A. Pesenti	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
57.	Philippe Jehiel	ESRC Centre for Economic Learning and Social Evolution (ELSE), University College London, University of London, London
58.	Lucio Sarno	Finance Group, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
59.	Jan van Ours	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
60.	Stephen Roy Bond	Economics Group, Nuffield College, Oxford University, Oxford Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London
61.	Alison Lee Booth	Economics Department, University of Essex, Colchester
62.	Juergen von Hagen	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
63.	James A. Mirrlees	Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
64.	David Greenaway	School of Economics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham Centre for Research on Globalisation and Economic Policy, School of Economics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
65.	Charles Richard Bean	Bank of England, London
66.	Ben Lockwood	Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry
67.	Andrew Chesher	Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice (CEMMAP), Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London Department of Economics, University College London, University of London, London
68.	Zvi Eckstein	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
69.	Simon Burgess	School of Economics, Finance and Management, University of Bristol, Bristol Centre for Market and Public Organisation (CMPO), University of Bristol, Bristol Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
70.	Francesco Giavazzi	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
71.	Jonathan Richard Temple	School of Economics, Finance and Management, University of Bristol, Bristol
72.	Andrew C. Harvey	Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
73.	Emmanuel Saez	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
74.	Neil Shephard	Economics Group, Nuffield College, Oxford University, Oxford Department of Economics, Oxford University, Oxford Finance Research Centre, Oxford University, Oxford
75.	Joseph Francois	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
76.	John Vickers	Office of Fair Trading, Government of the United Kingdom, London
77.	Colin Mayer	Saïd Business School, Oxford University, Oxford
78.	Pierre-Richard Agénor	School of Economic Studies, University of Manchester, Manchester
79.	Rachel Griffith	Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London Department of Economics, University College London, University of London, London
80.	Hidehiko Ichimura	Department of Economics, University College London, University of London, London
81.	Marcus H Miller	Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation (CSGR), University of Warwick, Coventry Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
82.	Enrique Sentana	London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Financial Markets Group (FMG), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
83.	Carlo Favero	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
84.	Gianni De Fraja	Department of Economics, Leicester University, Leicester Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
85.	Klaus F. Zimmermann	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
86.	Christian Dustmann	Department of Economics, University College London, University of London, London
87.	Helene Rey	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
88.	Mark E Schaffer	Centre for Economic Reform & Transformation, School of Management & Languages, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Economics Department, School of Management & Languages, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh School of Management & Languages, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
89.	Lucian Bebchuk	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
90.	Huw David Dixon	Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York, York
91.	Kevin H. O'Rourke	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
92.	David de Meza	London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Interdisciplinary Institute of Management (IIM), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London
93.	Jan Svejnar	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
94.	Mark Stewart	Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry
95.	Francesco Caselli	Economics Department, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London
96.	Joseph Zeira	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
97.	Ronald Patrick Smith	Department of Economics, Birkbeck College, University of London, London
98.	Mark Steel	Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry
99.	Rafael Repullo	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
100.	Stephen James Redding	Economics Department, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
101.	Jennifer Hunt	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
102.	Myrna Wooders	Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry
103.	Patrick Honohan	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
104.	Diego Puga	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
105.	Rudolf Winter-Ebmer	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
106.	Josef Zweimüller	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
107.	Sudipto Bhattacharya	London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London
108.	Thorvaldur Gylfason	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
109.	Guglielmo Weber	Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London ESRC Centre for Fiscal Policy, Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London
110.	Geoffrey Martin Hodgson	Economics Group, Business School, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield Business School, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield
111.	Nicholas H. Stern	HM Treasury, Government of the United Kingdom, London
112.	Michael Peter Clements	Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry
113.	Fabrizio Perri	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
114.	Jonathan Thomas	School of Economics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
115.	Alan James Sutherland	Department of Economics, University of St. Andrews, Fife Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
116.	Jonathan E. Haskel	Department of Economics, Queen Mary, University of London, London Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
117.	Lucrezia Reichlin	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
118.	Frank Alan Cowell	London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines (STICERD), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London
119.	Kenneth Frank Wallis	Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry
120.	Kjetil Storesletten	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
121.	Morten Overgaard Ravn	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
122.	Pierpaolo Benigno	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
123.	Mark Armstrong	Department of Economics, University College London, University of London, London
124.	Raymond G. Riezman	School of Economics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham Centre for Research on Globalisation and Economic Policy, School of Economics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
125.	Michael P. Devereux	Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry
126.	John Denis Hey	Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York, York
127.	Robin Burgess	Economics Department, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines (STICERD), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
128.	Jozef Konings	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
129.	Eliana La Ferrara	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
130.	A. Patrick L. Minford	Economics Section, Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff
131.	James Dow	London Business School (LBS), University of London, London
132.	Vito Antonio Muscatelli	Department of Economics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
133.	Romain Wacziarg	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
134.	Luis M. Viceira	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
135.	Luis M B Cabral	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
136.	Ashok Parikh	School of Economics, University of East Anglia, Norwich
137.	Margaret Meyer	Economics Group, Nuffield College, Oxford University, Oxford Department of Economics, Oxford University, Oxford
138.	Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
139.	Luc Laeven	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
140.	Simon Gächter	School of Economics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
141.	Andrew F. Newman	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
142.	Omer Moav	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
143.	Samuel Bentolila	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
144.	Denise Osborn	School of Economic Studies, University of Manchester, Manchester
145.	John Driffill	Department of Economics, Birkbeck College, University of London, London Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
146.	Stephen Pudney	Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER), University of Essex, Colchester
147.	Antonio Spilimbergo	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
148.	Michael Waterson	Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry
149.	Justin Wolfers	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
150.	Ricardo Reis	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
151.	Robert Taylor	School of Economics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
152.	Martin Gaynor	Centre for Market and Public Organisation (CMPO), University of Bristol, Bristol
153.	Jonathan Wadsworth	Department of Economics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham
154.	Thierry Magnac	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
155.	V Bhaskar	Department of Economics, University College London, University of London, London Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
156.	Arnoud Boot	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
157.	Karim Maher Abadir	Tanaka School of Business, Imperial College, University of London, London
158.	Ian Wooton	Economics Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
159.	Gilles Duranton	Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London
160.	Javier Suarez	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
161.	Pierre Pestieau	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
162.	Ernst-Ludwig von Thadden	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
163.	Paola Sapienza	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
164.	Anne Sibert	Department of Economics, Birkbeck College, University of London, London Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
165.	E Philip Davis	Business School, Brunel University, Uxbridge London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Department of Economics and Finance, Business School, Brunel University, Uxbridge National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR), London Financial Markets Group (FMG), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London Pensions Institute, Birkbeck College, University of London, London
166.	Bernardo Batiz-Lazo	School of Economics, University of the West of England, Bristol
167.	Carol Propper	School of Economics, Finance and Management, University of Bristol, Bristol Centre for Market and Public Organisation (CMPO), University of Bristol, Bristol
168.	Wiji Arulampalam	Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry
169.	Gavin Clydesdale Reid	Centre for Research into Industry, Enterprise, Finance and the Firm (CRIEFF), University of St. Andrews, Fife
170.	Francesco Lippi	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
171.	Stefan Szymanski	Economics, Imperial College, University of London, London
172.	Chris Starmer	School of Economics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
173.	Marcus J. Chambers	Economics Department, University of Essex, Colchester
174.	Panicos O. Demetriades	Department of Economics, Leicester University, Leicester
175.	Jozsef Sakovics	School of Economics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
176.	Paul G. Hare	Economics Department, School of Management & Languages, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh School of Management & Languages, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh
177.	Nuno Garoupa	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
178.	Jean M. Imbs	London Business School (LBS), University of London, London Department of Economics, London Business School (LBS), University of London, London Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
179.	Nicholas Oulton	Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), University of London, London
180.	Frank Windmeijer	Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice (CEMMAP), Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London School of Economics, Finance and Management, University of Bristol, Bristol Centre for Market and Public Organisation (CMPO), University of Bristol, Bristol Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London
181.	Reinhilde Veugelers	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
182.	Wouter Denhaan	London Business School (LBS), University of London, London Department of Economics, London Business School (LBS), University of London, London Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London
183.	Giovanni Luca Violante	Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London

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Citations from CitEc project by José Manuel Barrueco Cruz, University of Valencia, Spain. Hardware provided by Technical University of Spain.
Abstract views and downloads from LogEc project by Sune Karlsson, Örebro University, Sweden.
Author registration by Ivan Kumanov, Minsk, Belarus.
Institutions database and ranking computations by Christian Zimmermann, University of Connecticut.
RePEc has been initiated by Thomas Krichel, Long Island University.

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