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Potential und Risiken der Kapitalmarktunion für die Wirtschaft Europas und Österreichs

Author

Listed:
  • Andreas Breitenfellner
  • Helene Schuberth

Abstract

Die für 2019 geplante europäische Kapitalmarktunion zielt auf eine vertiefte Integration der Kapitalmärkte der EU-Mitgliedsländer ab. Sie knüpft sowohl am Binnenmarkt als auch an der im Zuge der Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise geschaffene Bankenunion an. Als Argumente für die Kapitalmarktunion werden die Fragmentierung der nationalen Kapitalmärkte, die starke Bankenabhängigkeit der europäischen Wirtschaften sowie die krisenbedingte Investitionslücke ins Spiel gebracht. Demnach soll die Kapitalmarktunion für erleichterten Finanzierungszugang v.a. für kleinere und mittlere Betriebe (KMUs) und für eine grenzüberschreitende Teilung von Risiken sorgen; letztlich bedeute dies mehr Wachstum und Finanzmarktstabilität. Die vielfältigen angepeilten Maßnahmen reichen von Prospektrichtlinien, über die Schaffung eines Marktes für Wertpapierverbriefung bis etwa zur Erleichterung von Crowd Funding. Kritiker zweifeln an den positiven Effekten der Kapitalmarktunion: Statt für Stabilität zu sorgen verschärfe sie jene Risiken, die bereits in der Finanzkrise schlagend wurden und ignoriere die Notwendigkeit vermehrter Finanzmarktregulierung, etwa im Schattenbanksektor. In Österreich ist trotz Bankenlastigkeit und krisenbedingt schwacher Kreditentwicklung relativ wenig Bedarf nach zusätzlichen Finanzierungsangeboten zu orten. Dennoch verbessert die Kapitalmarktunion vermutlich den Zugang zu Eigenkapital, insbesondere für Gründungs- und Innovationsfinanzierung. Sowohl in Österreich als auch in Europa bleibt jedoch die zentrale Funktion der Banken im Finanzierungsprozess erhalten; nicht zuletzt auch wegen der schrittweise geplanten Umsetzung der Kapitalmarktunion. Die Kapitalmarktunion ist auch nicht als Ersatz sondern als Ergänzung einer zukünftigen Fiskalunion zu betrachten. Wir verweisen diesbezüglich auf die besondere Rolle eines sicheren Staatsfinanzierungssektors für integrierte und stabile Finanzmärkte in Europa. Brexit bietet sowohl Gefahren als auch Chancen für den europäischen Kapitalmarkt und rückt gleichzeitig das Ziel einer einheitlichen europäischen Kapitalmarktaufsicht in das Blickfeld.

Suggested Citation

  • Andreas Breitenfellner & Helene Schuberth, 2017. "Potential und Risiken der Kapitalmarktunion für die Wirtschaft Europas und Österreichs," FIW Policy Brief series 035, FIW.
  • Handle: RePEc:wsr:pbrief:y:2017:i:035
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    References listed on IDEAS

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