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Perception des inégalités économiques et sentiment de justice sociale

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  • Michel Forse

    (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques)

  • Maxime Parodi

    (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques)

Abstract

L’analyse de sondages d’opinion réalisés dans huit des pays participant à l’International Social Survey Programme, dont l’enquête était en 1999 centrée sur le thème des inégalités, montre que les interviewés ont plutôt tendance à sous- estimer les très grandes inégalités de revenu et à se croire davantage dans la moyenne qu’ils ne le sont effectivement. Ils fondent leur sentiment de macrojustice sur leur estimation de l’ampleur des écarts entre les inégalités qu’ils perçoivent et celles qu’ils jugent acceptables et, de ce point de vue, le sentiment dominant est partout que ces inégalités sont trop fortes. Ce n’est cependant pas au nom d’un égalitarisme absolu qu’elles sont critiquées. Une certaine hiérarchie des salaires, à condition d’être plus resserrée, n’est pas rejetée. Cette application non stricte du principe d’égalité se retrouve lorsqu’il s’agit d’apprécier la justice de sa situation économique personnelle. Leur sentiment de microjustice est en effet lié à une frustration relative « solidaire » et au degré de réduction souhaitée des inégalités. Au total, le principe d’équité, qui autorise sous certaines conditions une différenciation salariale selon des mérites ou efforts individuels, n’est pas contesté. Mais la rémunération effective de ces mérites par le jeu insuffisamment corrigé du marché aboutit aux yeux des personnes sondées à une inégalité trop grande qui doit être réduite pour aller vers une situation plus juste.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Forse & Maxime Parodi, 2007. "Perception des inégalités économiques et sentiment de justice sociale," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/eu4vqp9ompq, Sciences Po.
    • Handle: RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/eu4vqp9ompqllr09haccl28o2
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Roland Bénabou & Jean Tirole, 2006. "Belief in a Just World and Redistributive Politics," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 121(2), pages 699-746.
    2. Michel Forsé & Maxime Parodi, 2006. "Justice distributive. La hiérarchie des principes selon les Européens," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 98(3), pages 213-244.
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