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Three essays on development economics : public policies and geographical discontinuities

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  • Marcos Diaz

    (Département d'économie)

Abstract

Fonder les politiques sur des preuves scientifiques est crucial pour maximiser le bien être. Ces dernières années, gouvernements, organisations internationales et recherche académique ont généralisé la nécessité d’utiliser des données et des preuves pour la conception, la mise en place et l’évaluation des politiques publiques. Tandis que les évaluations randomisées apparaissent comme l’un des moyens les plus précis pour identifier l’effet causal des politiques, de nombreux programmes gouvernementaux ne sont pas conçus de manière à permettre leur évaluation ex-post. Pourtant, les décideurs publics ont besoin de preuves scientifiques pour ajuster les politiques, réallouer le budget et adapter leurs actions de sorte à maximiser le bien-être des populations tout en tenant compte des ressources disponibles. Cette thèse présente trois cas où l’évaluation ex-post de politiques est possible, soit grâce à l’exploitation de discontinuités géographiques dans la mise en place de la politique (Chapitres 1 et 3), soit grâce à des discontinuités régionales créées par une réglementation attachée à la politique (Chapitre 2). Chaque chapitre se concentre sur des défis différents de l’Agenda 2030 et des Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD). Tandis que le Chapitre 1 évalue l’impact de la sécurité sociale universelle sur la mortalité maternelle et périnatale, le Chapitre 3 explore l’effet de la décentralisation sur des indicateurs liés à l’objectif mondial d’éradiquer la faim, dont celui sur la sécurité alimentaire relève. Le Chapitre 2 étudie comment les fonds d’aide stimulent la création d’entreprises et la productivité, ce qui fait partie de l’ODD pour la prospérité économique.

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  • Marcos Diaz, 2020. "Three essays on development economics : public policies and geographical discontinuities," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/6rl0q151go8, Sciences Po.
  • Handle: RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/6rl0q151go8ekafctsk703ouq9
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