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Potential of climate-smart agriculture in reducing women farmers’ drudgery in high climatic risk areas

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  • Arun Khatri-Chhetri

    (CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Secuirty (CCAFS), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT))

  • Punya Prasad Regmi

    (Nepal Development Research Institute (NDRI))

  • Nitya Chanana

    (CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Secuirty (CCAFS), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT))

  • Pramod K. Aggarwal

    (CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Secuirty (CCAFS), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT))

Abstract

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) has a significant role to play in reducing the gender gap in labor burden for women in agriculture. A targeted approach to address this gap can be useful in developing a women-responsive climatic risk management plan focused on reducing their labor burden in agriculture, especially in areas with high climate risks. The paper therefore presents a top–down approach to identify potential labor-saving CSA technologies for women farmers in areas facing high climate risks. It involves mapping women in agriculture, climate risks, and poverty hotspots and entails understanding the role of women in agricultural activities to identify the suitable CSA options for reducing the levels of labor drudgery. The study is illustrated for Nepal where feminization of agriculture is rapidly increasing, a high level of climatic risks persists, and adaptive capacity to climate change is very low, especially among women in agriculture. Results are presented for two hotspot districts, Rupandehi and Chitwan. Household socioeconomic characteristics were found to play a major role in women’s labor contribution in different crop production activities. Discussions with farmers provided a list of more than 15 CSA interventions with labor reduction as well as yield-improving potential. Accordingly, considering the local crop, agro-climate, and social conditions, and women’s participation in different agricultural activities, CSA technologies and practices such as direct seeded rice (zero tillage and low tillage using machine), green manuring (GM), laser land leveling (LLL), and system of rice intensification (SRI) were found to potentially reduce women’s drudgery in agriculture along with improvement in productivity and farm income.

Suggested Citation

  • Arun Khatri-Chhetri & Punya Prasad Regmi & Nitya Chanana & Pramod K. Aggarwal, 2020. "Potential of climate-smart agriculture in reducing women farmers’ drudgery in high climatic risk areas," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 158(1), pages 29-42, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:climat:v:158:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1007_s10584-018-2350-8
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-018-2350-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maharjan, Keshav Lall & Khatri-Chhetri, Arun, 2006. "Household Food Security in Rural Areas of Nepal: Relationship between Socio-economic Characteristics and Food Security Status," 2006 Annual Meeting, August 12-18, 2006, Queensland, Australia 25624, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    2. Agnes R. Quisumbing & Ruth Meinzen-Dick & Terri L. Raney & André Croppenstedt & Julia A. Behrman & A (ed.), 2014. "Gender in Agriculture," Springer Books, Springer, edition 127, number 978-94-017-8616-4, January.
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    5. Khatri-Chhetri, Arun & Aggarwal, P.K. & Joshi, P.K. & Vyas, S., 2017. "Farmers' prioritization of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 184-191.
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    6. Urfels, Anton & Mausch, Kai & Harris, Dave & McDonald, Andrew J. & Kishore, Avinash & Balwinder-Singh, & van Halsema, Gerardo & Struik, Paul C. & Craufurd, Peter & Foster, Timothy & Singh, Vartika & K, 2023. "Farm size limits agriculture's poverty reduction potential in Eastern India even with irrigation-led intensification," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
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    9. Akter, Sonia, 2024. "Climate Resilient Development for Agriculture and Pathways for Gender Inclusivity," IAAE 2024 Conference, August 2-7, 2024, New Delhi, India 344227, International Association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE).
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    14. Wanglin Ma & Dil Bahadur Rahut, 2024. "Climate-smart agriculture: adoption, impacts, and implications for sustainable development," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 29(5), pages 1-23, June.
    15. M. N. Roy & S. Das & R. Mitra & D. Mukherjee, 2024. "Groundwater and climate smart agriculture: a reflection from West Bengal, India," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 29(5), pages 1-20, June.
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