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Qualitätsvergleiche bei Kreditausfallprognosen

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  • Krämer, Walter

Abstract

Wirtschaftsdaten als Objekte von Prognosen sind meist metrischer Natur: Arbeitslosenzahlen, Aktienkurse, Umsätze, Erlöse usw., alle sind quantitative Variable, bei denen sich Prognosen und realisierte Werte, wie auch konkurrierende Prognosen, leicht vergleichen lassen. Anders die Lage bei qualitativen, speziell dichotomen 0-1-Variablen, die im Zentrum der folgenden Überlegungen stehen. Hier ist der Vergleich von Prognosen und realisierten Werten, wie auch der Qualitätsvergleich konkurrierender Prognosen, erheblich schwerer. Das folgende Kapitel diskutiert diese Problematik anhand von Kreditausfallprognosen. Unter Hintanstellung von Problemen, die mit der Definition von Kreditausfall verbunden sind, gibt es hier zwei Möglichkeiten: (i) der Kredit fällt aus und (ii) der Kredit fällt nicht aus, und die zahlreichen Verfahren, die es gibt - Diskriminanzanalyse, Logit- und Probit-Modelle, Neuronale Netze und Klassifikationsbäume - dieses Ereignis vorherzusagen (siehe Arminger et al. 1997 oder Blum et al. 2003 für eine Übersicht) müssen mit zwei Arten von Fehlern leben: Bei der Prognose Kein Ausfall tritt dennoch ein Ausfall ein - der Alpha-Fehler - oder bei einer Prognose von Ausfall tritt kein Ausfall ein - der Beta-Fehler. Je nach Bewertung und Wahrscheinlichkeit von Alpha- und Beta-Fehler lassen sich konkurrierende Prognosen dann hinsichtlich ihrer Prognosequalität vergleichen. Die einschlägigen Methoden sind seit langem wohlbekannt (siehe etwa Oehler und unser 2001, Kapitel III.2) und müssen hier nicht weiter erörtert werden. Die folgende Diskussion konzentriert sich vielmehr auf Prognosen, die nur die Wahrscheinlichkeiten für das interessierende Ereignis betreffen: Die Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit bei Kredit X beträgt Y% mit 0

Suggested Citation

  • Krämer, Walter, 2004. "Qualitätsvergleiche bei Kreditausfallprognosen," Technical Reports 2004,07, Technische Universität Dortmund, Sonderforschungsbereich 475: Komplexitätsreduktion in multivariaten Datenstrukturen.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:sfb475:200407
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